Stable Transfection of Nonosteogenic Cell Lines with Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Enhances Mineral Deposition Both in the Presence and Absence of β-Glycerophosphate: Possible Role for Alkaline Phosphatase in Pathological Mineralization

It is documented that alkaline phosphatase (AP) plays an important role in bone mineralization. Considering that TN-AP is expressed in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, renal epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, and that TN-AP is both a calcium-/phosphate-binding protein and a phosphohydrolytic enzyme, we hypothesize that membrane-bound AP also plays an important role in the initiation of physiological and pathological mineralizations in tissues other than bone and cartilage. To test this hypothesis, nonosteoblast cell lines, including a fibroblast line, a renal epithelial line, and a capillary endothelial line, were stably transfected to express high levels of rat bone AP on their cell surfaces. These rat bone AP-expressing cells were then cultured on filter membranes in the presence or absence of β-glycerol phosphate. von Kossa staining for calcium phosphate and transmission electron microscopy with electron diffraction analysis for minerals were employed to investigate the effect of membrane AP on extracellular calcium phosphate mineralization. Our results indicated that AP expression on these nonosteoblast-like cell surfaces have induced extracellular hydroxyapatite (HAP) mineralization. Our findings support the concept that membrane-bound AP contributes to extracellular apatitic mineralization by mechanisms that do not necessarily involve its hydrolase activity. They also suggest that AP might be important for the initiation of pathological mineralization in nonosteogenic tissues. Received: 11 January 1996 / Accepted: 31 October 1996     

体感诱发电位在椎管内占位显微手术中的监测

目的　评价体感诱发电位 (SEP)在神经外科脊髓疾病显微手术中的监测作用 ,避免或减少医源性脊髓损伤。方法　 2 8例病人行术前、术中SEP全程监测 ,包括脊髓SEP(SSEP)及皮层SEP(CSEP) ,术中及时把监测信息反馈给术者。并将术中监测结果与术后疗效对照分析。结果　椎管内占位手术在行髓内肿瘤切除时最易引发SEP波幅降低及潜时延长。术中监测按Frankel分级D、E级患者波幅较基准电位下降不超过 50 % ,潜伏期延长不超过7% ;B、C级患者波幅较基准电位下降不超过 40 % ,潜伏期延长不超过 5 %。术后不会引起脊髓功能不可逆损害。结论　脊髓手术时行SSEP和CSEP联合监测可及时反映出脊髓功能的变化 ,提高术者术中操作的安全性 ,避免或减少术后并发症     

An audit of the safety of an acute pain service

We audited and analysed the adverse effects and safety of postoperative pain management on 2509 consecutive patients under care of the Acute Pain Service at a tertiary referral teaching hospital over a 32-month period. Our standard respiratory monitoring consisted of continuous pulse oximetry, hourly respiratory rate counting, sedation scoring and intermittent arterial blood gas sampling. This protocol was reliable and detected six episodes of bradypnoea, 13 of hypercapnia and 23 of oxygen desaturation occurring in 39 patients (1.8% of all spontaneously breathing patients) . Two patients required naloxone injection and none had long-term sequelae. Hypotension due to epidural bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 3.3 μg.ml⁻¹ infusion occurred in four patients (1.2%), all with a sensory block higher than T₅. They readily responded to fluid infusion and ephedrine (two patients). Postoperative nausea or vomiting occurred in 723 (28.8%) and 380 (15.1%) patients, respectively. Odds ratio analysis showed that the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting were: female gender, gynaecological operations, nongeriatric patients and systemic analgesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased analgesic efficacy by discouraging the use of patient-controlled analgesia and was regarded as equally distressing as pain. Other side-effects included: pruritus in 182 patients; dizziness in 333 and lower limb weakness in 73 (21.2% of patients receiving epidural local anaesthetics). It is concluded that a standard monitoring and management protocol, an experienced nursing team and reliable Acute Pain Service coverage is mandatory for the safe use of modern analgesic techniques.     

师范大学学生艾滋病知识现况调查及健康教育近期效果评价

目的 了解师范大学学生艾滋病相关知识及行为现状，为高校制定艾滋病健康教育规划提供参考。方法 抽取天津师范大学2000年入学新生，通过集体讲座，使用统一的调查问卷在教育前后分别调查学生艾滋病相关知识及态度，并利用EPIinf0软件进行分析。结果 天津师范大学一年级学生健康教育后对艾滋病性质、主要传播途径等的正确回答率都有所提高，能够正确对待艾滋病病毒感染者，教育前后学生对性行为的态度无明显改变。学生希望获得艾滋病知识的前4位方式均为电视、报刊书籍、卫生课和医生。结论 从国情和现实需要出发，在大学生中开展适时、适度、适量的性健康教育和健康行为教育，对预防性病艾滋病有着积极的意义。     

釉质发育不全乳牙的超微形态研究

目的：观察不同类型乳牙釉质发育不全的超微表面形态，分析其在分类、致病机制、龋齿易感性中的意义。方法：将发育不全的乳牙固定脱水，临界点干燥，喷金镀膜，日立S－450扫描电子显微镜观察，加速电压20kV。结果：发育不全釉质中存在不同程度形态缺损，病报部位还存在矿化不良。结论：釉质发育不全不仅有釉质量的减少，而且有质的改变，因而可能提高了发育不全釉质对龋齿的易感性。     

以乙二胺为核心的聚酰胺-胺树形高分子的合成及毛细管电泳分离研究

在-30℃下合成了1．0G～6.0G聚酰胺．胺(PAMAM)树形高分子，并采用核磁共振、元素分析对其进行了表征；采用毛细管电泳对1．0GPAMAM进行了分离。结果表明：在该温度下合成的PAMAM具有较好的结构完整性，而毛细管电泳是一种有效的分离提纯PAMAM树形高分子的方法。     

脊髓运动诱发电位在脊髓肿瘤手术中的监测应用

目的探讨脊髓运动诱发电位(SCMEP)在脊髓肿瘤手术中监测的应用价值.方法采用硬膜外电极在椎管内直接刺激脊髓记录脊髓运动诱发电位(SCMEP)监测脊髓肿瘤手术,并对17例肿瘤患者的手术监测的记录结果进行回顾性分析.结果SCMEP由于病变部位及性质、刺激电极与记录电极间的距离不同,波幅及潜伏期的差异较大,电极安放后与手术结束时的结果个体对照,相差不显著(P=0.083;P=0.387).7例术中波幅降低超过预警值20%,5例经短暂休息或改变手术方向后,波幅恢复正常.结论SCMEP的波幅变化是提示脊髓损伤的可靠性灵敏指标,对辅助医生进行手术安全操作,缩短手术时间,提高手术质量,减少术后神经功能障碍起到重要作用.     

内分泌激素与脑血管疾病的相关性研究进展

众多的激素参与脑血管疾病的病理过程 ,与其发展预后密切相关。内分泌激素的研究为脑血管疾病的预后和治疗提供广阔的前景 ,如果能进一步研究脑血管疾病和激素的关系 ,必然会使脑血管疾病预后的判断和治疗跨上一个新台阶 ,为激素受体拮抗剂的临床应用开拓新天地。