全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16357篇 |
免费 | 1036篇 |
国内免费 | 251篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 384篇 |
儿科学 | 246篇 |
妇产科学 | 290篇 |
基础医学 | 2780篇 |
口腔科学 | 318篇 |
临床医学 | 1278篇 |
内科学 | 3233篇 |
皮肤病学 | 462篇 |
神经病学 | 1198篇 |
特种医学 | 1300篇 |
外科学 | 2116篇 |
综合类 | 128篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 10篇 |
预防医学 | 633篇 |
眼科学 | 433篇 |
药学 | 1346篇 |
中国医学 | 153篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1333篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 134篇 |
2022年 | 372篇 |
2021年 | 672篇 |
2020年 | 271篇 |
2019年 | 441篇 |
2018年 | 531篇 |
2017年 | 415篇 |
2016年 | 618篇 |
2015年 | 882篇 |
2014年 | 966篇 |
2013年 | 1055篇 |
2012年 | 1579篇 |
2011年 | 1427篇 |
2010年 | 855篇 |
2009年 | 732篇 |
2008年 | 899篇 |
2007年 | 945篇 |
2006年 | 784篇 |
2005年 | 650篇 |
2004年 | 525篇 |
2003年 | 477篇 |
2002年 | 389篇 |
2001年 | 317篇 |
2000年 | 248篇 |
1999年 | 197篇 |
1998年 | 127篇 |
1997年 | 118篇 |
1996年 | 91篇 |
1995年 | 93篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 72篇 |
1992年 | 52篇 |
1991年 | 57篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 83篇 |
1988年 | 63篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 32篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1976年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
Recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF), a polypeptide of 53 amino acid residues, is subject to degradation by numerous
enzymes, especially proteases, when it is applied on the skin for the treatment of open wound. Amastatin, aprotinin, bestatin,
EDTA, EGTA, gabexate, gentamicin, leupeptin, and TPCK were investigated for the possible protease inhibitors, which may use
to protect rhEGF from degradation by the enzymes in the skin. Skin homogenates containing protease inhibitors and rhEGF were
incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. After the reaction was stopped with trifluoroacetic acid, the amount of rhEGF remaining
in the sample was determined with an HPLC method. The percentages of rhEGF degraded, at the skin/PBS ratio of 0.25, in the
mouse, rat, and human skin homogenate were 85%, 70%, and 46%, respectively. The degree of degradation of rhEGF in the cytosolic
fraction was higher than that in the membrane fraction and these enzyme reactions were completed in 30 minutes. Bestatin,
EGTA, and TPCK showed significant inhibitory effects on the degradation of rhEGF in the two fractions (p<0.05), while the
other protease inhibitors had no significant inhibitory effects or, even resulted in deleterious effects. Therefore, the formulation
containing one or several inhibitors among these effective inhibitors would be a promising topical preparation of rhEGF for
the treatment of open wound. 相似文献
102.
Pretreatment of low dose radiation reduces radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells
Induction of an adaptive response to ionizing radiation in mouse lymphoma (EL4) cells was studied by using cell survival fraction
and apoptotic nucleosomal DNA fragmentation as biological end points. Cells in early log phase were pre-exposed to low dose
of γ-rays (0.01 Gy) 4 or 20 hrs prior to high dose γ-ray (4, 8 and 12 Gy for cell survival fraction analysis; 8 Gy for DNA
fragmentation analysis) irradiation. Then cell survival fractions and the extent of DNA fragmentation were measured. Significant
adaptive response, increase in cell survival fraction and decrease in the extent of DNA fragmentation were induced when low
and high dose γ-ray irradiation time interval was 4 hr. Addition of protein or RNA synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide or 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole
(DRFB), respectively during adaptation period, the period from low dose γ-ray irradiation to high dose γ-ray irradiation,
was able to inhibit the induction of adaptive response, which is the reduction of the extent DNA fragmentation in irradiated
EL4 cells. These data suggest that the induction of adaptive response to ionizing radiation in EL4 cells required both protein
and RNA synthesis. 相似文献
103.
104.
Barone JE Tucker JB Cecere J Yoon MY Reinhard E Blabey RG Lowenfels AB 《The American surgeon》1999,65(4):356-359
Our objective was to determine the incidence of complications in postoperative patients who were either normothermic or hypothermic. A recent, widely publicized paper concluded that the maintenance of normothermia could reduce the incidence of infectious complications and shorten hospitalization in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. However, some controversy arose regarding the methods of this paper. Patients were deliberately rendered hypothermic, were given more than 3.5 days of prophylactic antibiotics and were transfused significantly more units of blood. We reviewed the charts of 150 consecutive patients who underwent elective partial or subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis. Among the key items analyzed were intraoperative and postoperative temperature, use of warming devices, duration of surgery, transfusions, interval to oral intake and bowel function, length of stay, complications, infections, and laboratory values. Hypothermia was defined as intraoperative temperature <95.5 degrees F. There were 101 normothermic patients and 49 hypothermic patients. Hypothermic patients had a mean age of 68.7 years versus 66.8 for the normothermic patients (P = 0.472). Comorbidities were similar in both groups. Warming devices were used in >90 per cent of the patients in both groups. The rates of postoperative infections and complications were similar in both groups. Postoperative lengths of stay were also not different. Despite finding that one-third of our patients were hypothermic during elective colon resection, hypothermia had no effect on outcome variables. In contrast to the previous study, the incidence of infectious complications was identical in our patients. Before ascribing postoperative complications and increased resource utilization as adverse effects of hypothermia, further studies are indicated. 相似文献
105.
Pseudolesion in segments II and III of the liver on CT during arterial portography caused by aberrant right gastric venous drainage 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoon KH Matsui O Kadoya M Yoshigawa J Gabata T Arai K 《Journal of computer assisted tomography》1999,23(2):306-309
We report three cases of pseudolesions caused by aberrant right gastric venous drainage (AGVD) in segment II/III of the liver as demonstrated on CT during arterial portography (CTAP). On CTAP, the lesions were seen as wedge-shaped perfusion defects, and on hepatic arteriography, AGVD directed to the area with the perfusion defect was visible in all three cases. When a perfusion defect is detected at the edge of segments II/III at CTAP, a pseudolesion caused by AGVD should be suspected. 相似文献
106.
Yoon KH Quickel RR Tatarkiewicz K Ulrich TR Hollister-Lock J Trivedi N Bonner-Weir S Weir GC 《Cell transplantation》1999,8(6):673-689
Neonatal porcine pancreas has considerable capacity for growth and differentiation, making it an attractive potential source of islet tissue for xenotransplantation. Pancreases from 1-3-day-old newborn pigs were digested with collagenase and cultured for 8 days. The resulting cellular aggregates are called porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs). The mean yield of NPCCs from a newborn pig was 28,200 +/- 1700 islet equivalents. Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) was used as a marker for the immunostaining of pancreatic duct cells. In neonatal pancreas, 18% of the insulin-positive cells co-stained for CK7, thus being protodifferentiated. NPCCs also contained protodifferentiated cells; insulin/PP and insulin/somatostatin co-stained cells were more common than insulin/glucagon cells. Between 1 and 8 days of culture, the DNA content of the NPCCs fell to 16% and the insulin content to 33% of the starting value, mainly due to the preferential loss of exocrine cells. Transplantation of 2000 or 4000 NPCCs into diabetic nude mice typically normalized glucose values in 10-20 weeks. Mice with successful grafts had lower fasting blood glucose levels than normal mice and accelerated glucose clearance after an i.p. glucose load. The starting NPCCs consisted of 17% insulin-staining cells, but the grafts of mice with reversed diabetes consisted of 94% beta cells, with some co-stained for CK7, indicating that the grafts still contained immature cells. The mass of insulin-producing cells rose from 0.22 +/- 0.08 mg 1 week after transplantation to 4.34 +/- 0.27 mg in mice sacrificed at 27-35 weeks. In summary, NPCCs contain mostly islet precursor cells, which when transplanted into nude mice undergo striking differentiation and beta cell expansion. 相似文献
107.
Mouse-to-rat testicle transplantation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lee S Wang Y Kim S Cho C Tarin T Sileshi B Yoon JH Mazzoni G Youngkin T Wolf P Gittes RF 《Microsurgery》1999,19(2):66-70
This report details mouse-to-rat testicular transplantation with immediate revascularization. Donor preparation involved grafting a long segment of aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) containing the testicular artery and vein. The graft aorta and IVC were anastomosed to the rat aorta and IVC, respectively. Vasovasostomy was completed and the scrotal epithelia were anastomosed to draw the graft toward the host scrotal sac. Twenty-nine of 53 transplants were determined to be viable. Histologically, 6- to 18-hr-old grafts displayed moderate to minimal polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltrates. Ischemia set in somewhere between 18-24 hr postoperatively. Beyond 24 hr the grafts displayed progressive infiltration of PMN and perivascular and intertubular lymphocytes, disorganization of the germinal epithelium, and cessation of spermatogenesis. 相似文献
108.
Lim YH Leem MJ Shin DH Chang HB Hong SW Moon EY Lee DK Yoon SJ Woo WS 《Archives of pharmacal research》1999,22(2):208-212
Activity-guided fractionation of the roots of Anthriscus sylvestris resulted in the isolation and characterization of five cytotoxic compounds, deoxypodophyllotoxin (1), falcarindiol (2), and angeloyl podophyllotoxin (5) from the hexane soluble fraction and morelensin (3), bursehernin (4) from the chloroform soluble fraction. It is the first report of the occurrence of compound 5 in nature. 相似文献
109.
DW2282,(S)-(+)-4-phenyl-1-[1-(4-aminobenzoyl)-indoline-5-sulfonyl] -4,5-dihydro-2-imidazolone hydrochloride, is a new anticancer agent which is thought to exhibit a characteristic mechanism of action in the inhibition of tumor growth. In this study, we estimated the toxicities of DW2282 in mice. When mice were orally dosed for five consecutive days at the dosages of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, DW2282 did not induce methemoglobinemia and hypoglycemia at any of these doses. However, increased ALT and AST values were observed in the 150 mg/kg dosing group, and white blood cells (WBC) were significantly decreased at all doses. However, the changes in WBC count, ALT and AST immediately reversed after the cessation of drug administration. In addition, we found that DW2282 did not cause an increase in hemolysis in human blood. Taken together, these data suggested that DW2282 may have a relatively low level of toxicity, and that there may be a quick recovery from any toxicity it does produce. 相似文献
110.
The prevalence of microalbuminuria was assessed in 50 patients of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The mean age of patients was 52.1 ± 11.6 years and the duration of diabetes was 8.3 ± 6.8 years. Twenty (40%) patients had microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria was more common in patients with a longer duration of diabetes (more than 5 years), a poor glycaemic control, and higher systolic blood pressure.KEY WORDS: Microalbuminuria, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic nephropathy, Chronic renal failure 相似文献