弥漫性轴索损伤病人的护理

弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury，DAI）是以胼胝体、脑十等中线部位局灶性病变及脑白质广泛性轴索损伤为主，以原发昏迷时间长而又缺乏神经定位体征为其临床特征的一组原发性弥散性脑损伤。在重型颅脑损伤中占20％，病死率高达42％～62％。最常见于车祸颅脑损伤病人，也可见于高处坠落伤者。病人多合并其他部位损伤，特点为伤情重、变化快、并发症和休克发生率高，且病死率高。护理时矛盾多，易顾此失彼，影响临床治疗效果。为更好地总结对该类损伤病人的救治，     

经胸门奇静脉断流术的外科解剖学基础(附52例临床疗效分析报告)

观测了１００例成年尸体胃底、贲门及食管区静脉。结果显示：胃左、右静脉的出现率是９６％和９２％，胃小弯侧的静脉分布可归纳为５型：胃左静脉型、胃右静脉型、胃左静脉优势型、胃右静脉优势型和胃左右静脉均衡型。胃后静脉出现率为７３．６％，胃左静脉与左膈下静脉间有相对恒定的吻合，此种情况占４８％。在此基础上作者于１９７６年３月至１９９２年３月对５２例因门脉高压症大出血患者行经胸门奇静脉断流术，急症手术死亡率为４．９％，急症手术止血率为９２．６％，远期再出血率为１１．４％。作者认为彻底断流的关键是识别胃小弯侧静脉分型、胃左静脉汇入部位及属支变化；胃后静脉及门腔吻合。阐述了经胸门奇静脉断流的优越性。     

黄疸出血群赖型017株钩端螺旋体外膜单克隆抗体免疫...

BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with outer envelopes of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae lai serovar strain 017 leptospires. Monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes (IgG, agglutinating titre 1:25,600) were produced by hybridoma technique. The monoclonal antibodies ascites (diluted 1:100) 1 ml administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before the intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(8) leptospires of strain 017 and the subsequent daily administration of McAb in similar doses for five days protected 80% of guinea pigs. Survival rates of three control groups which received physiological saline, ascites of BALB/c mouse myeloma cell lines SP2/0, and monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in place of monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes of strain 017 leptospires were 10%, 20% and 10% respectively. When killed 20 days after challenge, guinea pigs of experiment group were normal at autopsy. Old pulmonary haemorrhage were present in the animals of three control groups. Passive immunoprotection experiments have demonstrated immunoprotection of monoclonal antibodies against outer envelopes of strain 017 leptospires. It will be valuable for separating protective antigen fraction of outer envelopes and studying new vaccine of leptospira.     

棉尘及吸烟对肺功能影响的观察

对８３名接触棉尘的健康者作肺功能测定，并与３９名不接触棉尘的健康者对照。其中男性均为吸烟者；女性均为不吸烟者。结果表明，ＭＭＥＦ、ＰＥＦＲ、Ｖ２５％～７５％均明显低于对照组（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）．在男性吸烟组，ＶＣ，ＭＢＣ，ＦＥＶ１％也有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），作者认为棉尘对人体的危害主要部位在小气道，吸烟者因损害严重可累及大气道。以往对棉尘反应的肺功能评估仅以ＦＥＶ１％为指标，不能反映早期的变化，有必要进一步完善。     

杂多阴离子对SiO_2细胞毒性的拮抗作用

本文采用离体细胞培养法,以细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性为指标,研究了几种α-Keggin结构的杂多阴离子对石英粉尘细胞毒性的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,所用杂多阴离子无细胞毒性(P>0.05),石英尘经杂多阴离子作用后,细胞毒性显著降低,与石英尘组比较,上述三项指标差异均有显著意义(P<0.01),由此表明杂多阴离子对石英的细胞毒性有明显的拮抗作用。     

腹腔镜手术治疗嵌顿性胆囊结石的经验

目的探讨嵌顿性胆囊结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的经验。方法回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2004年12月期间用LC治疗嵌顿性胆囊结石365例的临床资料。结果358例成功施行LC，7例中转开腹，2例术后发生胆瘘，无胃肠道、胆管损伤等并发症，无死亡病例，全部患者均痊愈出院。结论随着腹腔镜技术日臻完善，嵌顿性胆囊结石选择LC，一次性切除病灶，术后恢复快，并发症少。     

三峡建坝后血吸虫病传播危险因素研究Ⅲ库区血吸虫病监测方案的研究

目的了解三峡库区血吸虫病传播危险因素,为三峡库区血吸虫病动态监测提供技术方案。方法在三峡库区进行钉螺生存模拟试验,调查库区流动人口、家畜血吸虫病传染源和钉螺输入库区的潜在危险因素,以及建坝后社会经济发展变化对血吸虫病传播的潜在影响因素,找出库区血吸虫病监测的重点。结果钉螺在三峡库区的适宜环境中能够生长繁殖;血吸虫病传染源主要是往返于血吸虫病流行区的流动人口;从血吸虫病疫区引进花草树木和牲畜,存在将钉螺和动物传染源输入库区的可能;库区社会经济发展可使血吸虫病传入的危险增加,三峡库区已成为血吸虫病的潜在流行区。结论三峡库区血吸虫病监测工作重点应是流动人口、引进的牲畜等血吸虫病传染源和钉螺输入因素的监测。     

武汉市民遗体捐赠意愿因素的问卷调查与分析

目的:了解武汉市民的捐献意愿及影响不同阶层市民捐献意愿的主要因素.方法:对武汉市武昌区10个社区的居民进行随机访问,并发放问卷,然后对问卷进行对比研究分析总结.内容:法制因素、情感因素、传统观念、社会舆论等.结果:法制因素和情感因素为最显著因素.结论:武汉市对遗体捐献进行立法是非常正确的,但要想收到预期的效果还应加大遗体捐献知识的宣传普及力度.     

纳洛酮治疗急性重型颅脑损伤的量效关系

目的观察盐酸纳洛酮治疗急性重型颅脑损伤病人的剂量疗效关系。方法将120例急性重型颅脑损伤病人随机分为6组(空白对照组以及0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mg.kg-1.d-1纳洛酮组),分别给予生理盐水及相应分组剂量纳洛酮,观察GCS、血压、脉搏、呼吸等生命体征,测定血浆β-内啡肽(-βEP)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量。随访3个月,观察GOS、肢体和语言功能评分。结果GCS、β-EP、CRP在小剂量纳洛酮组(0.1 mg.kg-1.d-1)与对照组间差异无统计学意义;大剂量纳洛酮组各组间(≥0.4 mg.kg-1.d-1)差异无统计学意义,但与空白对照组、小剂量组、中剂量组(0.2 mg.kg-1.d-1)间差异有统计学意义。血压、脉搏、呼吸在纳洛酮各组间差异无统计学意义,但与对照组间差异有统计学意义。随访3个月,GOS、肢体功能及语言功能评分在大剂量组与对照组、小剂量组、中剂量组之间的差异有统计学意义,且小剂量组恢复最差(P<0.05);但大剂量各组之间的差异无统计学意义结论①盐酸纳洛酮(≥0.2 mg.kg-1.d-1)对急性重型颅脑损伤有显著的治疗作用,能促进神经功能的恢复;②小剂量盐酸纳络酮(≤0.1 mg.kg-1.d-1)对颅脑损伤后的神经功能保护无意义,临床不提倡使用;③盐酸纳络酮剂量0.4～0.6 mg.kg-1.d-1为最佳临床推荐剂量。     

Water- and fat-suppressed proton projection MRI (WASPI) of rat femur bone.

Investigators often study rats by microCT to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of skeletal disorders in humans. However, microCT measurements provide information only on bone mineral content and not the solid matrix. CT scans are often carried out on cancellous bone, which contains a significant volume of marrow cells, stroma, water, and fat, and thus the apparent bone mineral density (BMD) does not reflect the mineral density within the matrix, where the mineral crystals are localized. Water- and fat-suppressed solid-state proton projection imaging (WASPI) was utilized in this study to image the solid matrix content (collagen, tightly bound water, and other immobile molecules) of rat femur specimens, and meet the challenges of small sample size and demanding submillimeter resolution. A method is introduced to recover the central region of k-space, which is always lost in the receiver dead time when free induction decays (FIDs) are acquired. With this approach, points near the k-space origin are sampled under a small number of radial projections at reduced gradient strength. The typical scan time for the current WASPI experiments was 2 hr. Proton solid-matrix images of rat femurs with 0.4-mm resolution and 12-mm field of view (FOV) were obtained. This method provides a noninvasive means of studying bone matrix in small animals.