准分子激光角膜切削术治疗近视的并发症

为分析准分子激光角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ）治疗近视的并发症，对１３９例（２５７眼）ＰＲＫ术后随访半年至一年。结果表明：术后一年，低中度和高度组各有１眼最佳矫正视力丢失二行，分别占２．５％和３．３％；低中度和高度组的角膜上皮下１级混浊分别为１０．８１％和１５．１６％，２级混浊分别为２．７３％和０％；激素性高眼压，在发生率最高的３个月时，可分别达２４．３７％和２５．３２％，但这种反应性的眼压升高只是暂时的，容易控制；过矫和散光增加的发生率均较低，主要与术者的经验有关。随着术者经验的提高、手术设计的完善及术后用药的研究，这些并发症会降到最低水平。ＰＲＫ是安全、有效的。     

直肠癌患者手术前后凝血状态变化的研究

目的：通过研究直肠癌患者凝血与纤溶系统的变化，观察其与手术切除与否、淋巴结转移、细胞分化程度等的关系。方法：选取直肠癌患者58例，于术前及术后两周检测PAGT、PT、APTT、TFPI、D－二聚体、t-PA:a等指标；同期52例非肿瘤病人作为对照组。结果：直肠癌患者较对照组血小板聚集增强（P＜0．05），凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间明显缩短，组织因子途径抑制物降低（P＜0．05），D－二聚体和t-PA:a显著升高（P＜0．01），存在淋巴结转移和低分化腺癌者尤为明显（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），手术切除后有所改善。结论：直肠癌患者处于高凝和纤溶亢进状态，在淋巴结转移和癌细胞分化差的病人中尤为明显；应用抗凝和抗纤溶药物可能对直肠癌的预防有一定作用。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨片侵入倾向与对策

根据98例中获得随访的39例的X线、CT和MRI(24例)影像学资料,分析胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨片侵入倾向及对策。将爆裂骨折侵入椎管分为四类八型,宜采用Harrington器械钢丝或椎弓根螺钉钢板轴向撑开系统,使骨折复位,椎管容积恢复,毋需行后路椎管减压。本组取得良好效果。仅对骨片游离型需要切开椎管直接摘除骨片。     

五型病毒性肝炎的暴露因素与临床表现的比较

比较急性病毒性肝炎患者感染打危险因素，同时比较五型肝炎的症状和体征。连续收集急性病毒性肝炎患者血清２９３份，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了五型肝炎病毒的病原学指标，并进行了流赞美同学调查。暴露因素：丙肝的肠道外暴露外明显多于甲肝；甲肝和戊肝有较高的“甲肝”患者接触史；乙肝，丙肝和丁肝有高的“乙肝”接触史，与甲肝，戊肝相比差异显著。     

不同脑缺血和再灌流过程中大鼠脑组织NO含量的动态变化

采用线栓法制成大鼠大脑中动脉梗塞 ( MCAO)模型 ,依 Hb O2 - NO法测定持续性脑缺血和缺血 /再灌流脑组织内 NO含量的变化 ,以探讨不同脑缺血和再灌流过程中 NO的变化规律及其意义。结果 :缺血 3小时受损脑组织 NO水平即增高 ,再灌流后 NO逐步升高 ,而持续性缺血状态下 NO则表现降低后再升高的变化。虽然两组 NO在 7天时均有明显降低 ,但仍高于缺血前水平。认为持续性脑缺血和缺血 /再灌流情况下 NO的变化规律有所不同 ,与缺血脑组织的缺氧及产生 NO所需底物供应缺乏有关 ,且可能与脑组织的损害密切相关     

广西5个县（市）级医院腹泻病门诊病人的调查分析

为了解医院腹泻病门诊病人分布、诊断和治疗情况，对广西５个腹泻病控制规划县（市）级医院１９９５年６月１日￣１５日腹泻病门诊登记的资料进行分析。５个医院腹泻病人共１０５１人，其中男性占５２．０％，女性占４７．９％；以肠炎最高占７９．７％，其次痢疾占２０．２％；轻度脱水病人占４６．７％，无脱水病人占３７．９％；以〈５岁儿童发病数最高，占２８．８％，静脉输液使用率为１８．８５％，口服补液盐（ＯＲＳ）使用率     

百草枯所致大鼠弥漫性肺损伤的病理特点

作者选用ＳＤ大鼠进行腹腔内一次性注入百草枯２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，在７个不同时间点观察其肺病理组织和超微结构改变。结果显示：百草枯可引起弥漫性毛细血管内皮细胞和肺泡１型上皮细胞为主的整层气一血屏障结构的损害，主要表现为肺泡水肿、出血、透明膜形成和（或）程度不等的肺泡炎，当损伤不能完全修复时则局部终结为纤维化。     

Analysis of Implantation in Assisted Reproduction Through the Use of Serial Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Measurements

Purpose: Our purpose was to examine implantation of singleton pregnancies achieved following various assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) through the appearance and rising titers of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. Methods: A total of 114 singleton pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination was analyzed. Patients were divided into five groups according to the type of ovarian stimulation protocol [gonadotropin stimulation with/without the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), long protocol, or flare-up technique] and to the day of embryo transfer (day 2 or day 3 after oocyte retrieval). Serial serum hCG levels were measured between 10 and 25 days after fertilization and log-transformed. Linear regression analyses were performed and extrapolated to hCG = 10 mIU/ml (hCG ₁₀ ), which was used as an estimate of detectable implantation. The slopes of the regression lines were used to estimate the rising speed of hCG. Results: There were no significant differences in the days of hCG in maternal serum to reach 10 mIU/ml (implantation) or in the slopes of the regression lines for all five studied groups. Conclusions: The appearance of hCG in maternal serum was used to assess the time of clinically detectable implantation. Furthermore, because hCG production is a marker of trophoblastic activity, its serum doubling time was used as an indicator of embryo quality. Results showed that in various ART protocols with and without GnRHa, there were no significant differences in implantation time or embryo quality. Embryo development in early pregnancy follows a preprogrammed-timing schedule and depends mainly on the embryonic age of the health, successfully implanted conceptus.     

Effect of temperature in focal ischemia of rat brain studied by 31P and 1H spectroscopic imaging

³¹P, ¹H and lactate spectroscopic imaging was used to evaluate the effects of hypothermia on focal cerebral ischemia produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The effects on high energy phosphate metabolism, pH, lactate and NAA were investigated in 24 spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to either permanent or transient ischemia. Under either normothermic (37.5°C) or hypothermic (32°C) conditions, with permanent 6-h occlusion, there was little difference between groups in either the NMR measurements or the volume of infarction. In animals that underwent 3 h of ischemia followed by 12 h of reperfusion, the ischemic changes in lactate, pH, NAA, and high-energy phosphate returned toward control values, and there was a protective effect of hypothermia (infarct volume of 211 ± 26 and 40 ± 14 mm³ in normothermic and hypothermic groups, respectively). Thus, hypothermia did not ameliorate the changes in lactate, pH, NAA, or high energy phosphate levels occurring during ischemia, however, during reperfusion there was an improvement in both the recovery of these metabolites and pathological outcome in hypothermic compared with normothermic animals.     

我国较贫困地区农村学龄前儿童膳食状况

对１９８５～１９８９年７省较贫困的１８个乡农村儿童膳食调查资料采用平均摄入量、临界值及概率法进行了总结分析。结果表明，６～２４月龄母乳喂养儿的辅食品种单一，数量不足。断奶儿童各年龄组热能、蛋白质摄入量的平均值分别达ＲＤＡ的９２％～１０４％和７６％～８４％，但以ＲＤＡ为界值，仍有５３％～６２％及７４％～８５％的儿童热能、蛋白质摄入量低，用概率法分析蛋白质、钙、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ及铁摄入不足的人数比例分别是５０％～６０％、９３％～９７％、５１％～８７％、７４％～８６％、５８％～６６％和１２％～４７％。热能、蛋白质摄入量低于ＲＤＡ值儿童的身高、体重明显低于摄入量高于ＲＤＡ值的儿童。