高频重复经颅磁刺激联合认知行为治疗对脑卒中后焦虑和抑郁共病状态患者的影响

目的观察高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合认知行为治疗对脑卒中后焦虑(PSA)、脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)共病状态患者的影响。 方法采用随机数字表法将160例脑卒中后焦虑抑郁状态患者分为对照组和观察组。两组患者均给予脑卒中常规治疗、抗抑郁药物治疗和认知行为治疗,对照组同时给予高频rTMS假刺激治疗,观察组则给予高频rTMS真刺激治疗。观察4周后2组患者抑郁症状、焦虑症状、睡眠质量、日常生活能力改善情况。 结果两组患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)在治疗前差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。治疗4周后,对照组和观察组的HAMD评分、HAMA评分、PSQI较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),其中观察组下降更为明显,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组MBI与治疗前相比,均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而观察组和对照组相比,观察组分数提高更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗有效率为87.50%,高于对照组的71.25%。两组之间差异有统计学意义(Uc＝－3.45,P<0.001)。 结论高频rTMS治疗联合认知行为治疗和认知行为治疗均能有效改善PSA+PSD患者的焦虑抑郁症状、睡眠质量及日常生活能力,但高频rTMS治疗联合认知行为治疗的效果更加明显。     

少数民族地区青少年对新冠疫情的认知调查

目的调查少数民族地区青少年对新冠疫情的认知及应对情况。方法采用分层抽样的方法,通过“问卷星”在线平台对香格里拉市1949名在校学生进行调查。结果结果显示,81.94%的学生在2020年1月初之前已知晓疫情;83.12%的学生通过电视和微信知晓疫情;9333%的学生认为病毒通过飞沫传播;94.80%的学生会通过戴口罩、不聚餐等方式进行防护;疫情相关知识的正确率为71.44%。不同年龄、性别、民族、专业、生源地、家庭年收入的学生对部分调查问题的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论学生对疫情认知整体情况较好,部分问题仍有较大提升空间。学校应做好疫情常态化防控,完善心理疏导体系,多措并举,引导学生做好自我防护。     

＋Gz对颞下颌关节影响的动物实验模型

目的：建立持续性高加速度（ Gz）重复作用下颞下颌关节变化的动物模型。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组,对照组、 1Cz组和 10Gz组,每组12只。应用六九型动物离心机,离心加速度曲线为梯形, 10Gz峰值持续时间为30s,G值增长率约为0.5G/s,间隔 1Gz60s,连续每天5次,每周4d,共3周。结果：在实验中大鼠能逐渐适应固定和持续性高加速度（ Gz）重复作用,同时,成功地复制出颞下颌关节疾病的病理表现。结论：本动物模型重复性好,是研究正加速度对颞下颌关节影响比较理想的动物模型。     

昆明地区TTV感染的临床流行病学监测

目的 了解昆明地区输血传播病毒(Transfusion Transnfited Virus,TTV)感染的流行情况。方法 对本科77例住院人的血清用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法进行TTV检测。结果 检出11例TTV阳性患。结论 昆明地区肝病病人中存在TTV感染,感染率低于国内外水平。感染途径包括非肠道途径和肠道途径。     

大鼠肝肠联合移植对移植肠内ATP酶、AKP和AChE活性的影响

采用肝/小肠联合移植模型,观察对移植肠ATPase、AKP和AChE活性的影响,结果发现肝小肠联合移植与单纯小肠移植相比①前者能延长受体动物的存活期,并对移植小肠产生的免疫排斥反应有明显的减轻和延迟作用;②肝小肠联合移植的移植物内ATPase、AKP和AChE活性反应较好。结果表明上述3种酶活性的改变能相应地反映移植器官产生免疫排斥反应的程度和受体动物的生存状态,并可以作为器官移植后临床监测中的一种辅助措施。     

意外跌落伤住院儿童转归的影响因素分析

为探讨影响意外跌落伤住院儿童转归的有关因素,提高患儿的住院治疗质量,促进医院建立有效的院内医疗系统,利用多项有序分类反应变量的逐步Logistic回归对3035例0～14岁意外跌落伤住院患儿的转归进行影响因素分析.发现影响转归的因素有住院时间、确诊时间、院前时间、病情程度、受伤部位、并发症、生活环境、手术及术前住院天数、住院费用.结果表明医院要正确处理缩短住院时间与提高治疗效果之间的关系,并通过缩短院前时间、及时确诊、降低并发症、控制病情、降低住院费用、尽量减少术前住院天数,强化和贯彻整体医疗观念等综合措施即可有效地提高意外跌落伤住院儿童的治疗效果.     

Relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density in a cross-sectional Chinese study

Background ContextPrevious studies have reported conflicting results for the relationships between anthropometric adiposity indexes and bone mineral density, based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). However, few studies were published based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT), especially for Chinese population.PurposeTo evaluate the associations of spine bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and a body shape index (ABSI) using QCT.Study Design/SettingA Cross-sectional study.Patient SampleAround 3,457 participants in multiple communities across 7 administrative regions of China.Outcome MeasuresSpine BMD was measured using QCT, and the classification of osteoporosis was defined as follows: 1) osteoporosis if BMD <80mg/cm³, 2) osteopenia if BMD 80–119 mg/cm³, and 3) normal bone mass if BMD≥120 mg/cm³.MethodsThis study was conducted using convenient sampling between 2013 and 2017. Multivariable linear regression model and logistic regression models were used for the associations of continuous and categorical BMD, respectively.ResultsAround 3,405 participants were included in the final analyses, including 1,272 males and 2,133 females, with spine BMD of 111.00±35.47 mg/cm³ and 99.38±40.60 mg/cm³, respectively. Spine BMD decreased significantly with the increase of ABSI in females (adjusted β, ?5.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], ?8.50 to ?2.98), and this trend also was kept in females aged at less than 60 years (adjusted β, ?14.54; 95% CI, ?20.40 to ?8.68), and females with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, ?7.59; 95% CI, ?10.91 to ?4.28). However, this inverse association was observed only in males with age ≥ 60 years (adjusted β, ?5.19; 95% CI, ?10.08 to ?0.29). Except ABSI, negative associations of Spine BMD with WC (adjusted β, ?0.46; 95% CI, ?0.77 to ?0.15), WHR (adjusted β, ?6.25; 95% CI, ?10.63 to ?1.86), WHtR (adjusted β, ?6.80; 95% CI, ?11.63 to ?1.97) were shown in females aged at <60 years, and positive association with BMI in males with age ≥60 years (adjusted β, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.29–1.55).ConclusionsABSI had more remarkable association with spine BMD, compared with the other four indexes.     

Direct Anterior Approach in Lateral Decubitus Position Versus Supine Position for Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of the direct anterior approach in lateral decubitus position (L‐DAA) and supine position (S‐DAA) for unilateral total hip arthroplasty.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients who underwent primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty in our department between August 2016 and December 2017. There were 46 patients who underwent L‐DAA and 43 patients who underwent S‐DAA. The body mass index (BMI), operation time, blood loss, preoperative Hb, first day and third day postoperative Hb, incision length, hospital stay, preoperative and postoperative Harris score, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, radiological evaluation, intraoperative and postoperative complication, postoperative absolute length difference of lower extremity were recorded and analyzed. P < 0.05 was set as the significant difference.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 8–23 months, with an average of 15.6 months. No significant differences were found in preoperative and postoperative Harris scores, preoperative Hb, incision lengths, radiological evaluations, preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, and hospital stay (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in BMI, blood loss, first day and third day postoperative Hb, and operation time (P < 0.05). There were no postoperative complications in the L‐DAA and S‐DAA groups. During the operation, two cases of proximal femoral fracture occurred in the L‐DAA group, four in the S‐DAA group, and the difference was statistically significant. There were significant differences found in the postoperative absolute length difference of lower extremity between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with the S‐DAA approach, the L‐DAA approach had the advantages of shorter operation time and less blood loss. Compared with S‐DAA, it was easier to expose the proximal femur, and lower BMI was required in L‐DAA. However, it was more difficult to compare the length of both lower extremities in the L‐DAA approach than in the S‐DAA approach.