Efficacy of standard trauma craniectomy for refractory intracranial hypertension with severe traumatic brain injury: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study

To compare the effect of standard trauma craniectomy (STC) versus limited craniectomy (LC) on the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with refractory intracranial hypertension, we conducted a study at five medical centers of 486 patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score 0.05). The results of the study indicate that STC significantly improves outcome in severe TBI with refractory intracranial hypertension resulting from unilateral frontotemporoparietal contusion with or without intracerebral or subdural hematoma. This suggests that STC, rather than LC, be recommended for such patients.     

Aprotinin decreases ischemic damage during coronary revascularization

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study sought to determine whether the favorable anti-inflammatory effects of aprotinin might limit ischemic damage during the revascularization of ischemic myocardium. METHODS: Twenty pigs underwent 90 minutes of coronary occlusion followed by 45 minutes of blood cardioplegic arrest and 180 minutes of reperfusion. Ten animals received a loading dose of aprotinin (40,000 kallikrein inhibiting units/kg) during the start of coronary occlusion followed by an infusion of 20,000 kallikrein inhibiting units/kg/hour. Ten other animals received no aprotinin. Summary statistics are expressed as the mean +/- standard error. RESULTS: The aprotinin-treated animals required less cardioversions for ventricular arrhythmias (1.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.6; p < 0.001), accumulated less lung water (1.0 +/- 0.2% change vs. 6.2 +/- 0.9% change; p = 0.038), had more complete coronary relaxation to bradykinin (34.1 +/- 5.9% change vs. 9.2 +/- 3.5% change; p = 0.01), and had reduced infarct size (area necrosis/area risk = 20 +/- 1.1% vs. 39 +/- 1.2%; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Aprotinin limits ischemic injury during acute coronary revascularization by decreasing ventricular arrhythmias and lung edema, preserving endothelial function, and minimizing myocardial necrosis.     

老年人下肢动脉闭塞的血管重建术262例分析

目的 总结对下肢缺血老年患者进行动脉重建术的手术效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析从2006年1月至2008年11月收治的262例下肢动脉缺血的老年患者的临床资料.总结对老年患者行下肢动脉重建术围手术期的关注要点及影响远期预后的因素.结果 本组262例老年患者(323条患肢),下肢动脉血管旁路术102条,腔内治疗98条,单纯取栓/内膜剥脱术67条,手术(血管搭桥/取栓/内膜剥脱术)结合腔内治疗多节段病变56条.手术成功率94.7%,围手术期死亡2例(30 d内),围手术期严重并发症15例.262例中245例患者获得术后获有效随访,随防率93.5%,随访时间1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月.随访期内,死亡15例,血管Ⅰ期通畅率80.5%,Ⅱ期通畅率92.7%,保肢率95.2%.危险因素分析提示:有冠心病病史和年龄大于70岁的病例组在随访期内死亡明显高于其他组.合并糖尿病、病情严重、病变范围广导致术后血管再闭塞发生率高,且截肢数量增加.结论 重症下肢动脉闭塞症的动脉重建术依赖于熟练的手术经验,综合性的多科室协作,合理的手术方案以及围手术期的细致管理.     

Biodegradable urethral stents seeded with autologous urethral epithelial cells in the treatment of post‐traumatic urethral stricture: a feasibility study in a rabbit model

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the adhesion and growth of rabbit urethral epithelial cells (UECs) on a biodegradable unbraided mesh urethral stent, and to assess the feasibility and effect of the cell‐seeded urethral stent for treating post‐traumatic urethral stricture (PTUS) in a rabbit model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Rabbit UECs were collected by biopsy from adult rabbit urethra and seeded onto the outer layer of a mesh biodegradable urethral stent. The growth of UECs in cell‐scaffolds was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining. In all, 32 male New Zealand rabbits were used, with either PTUS or uninjured, as a control group. Cell‐seeded stents were implanted into the rabbits strictured urethra. The histological and immunohistochemical findings were assessed after death at 1, 2, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. The reconstruction and function were evaluated by urethroscopy and retrograde urethrography.

RESULTS

The cultured UECs adhered to the stent and grew well. Immunohistochemistry showed that the cells were stained positively for cytokeratin. At 4 weeks, vs 2 weeks, the thickness of the papillary projections of the epithelium decreased and inflammatory cell infiltration diminished. At 24 weeks the injured urethra was completely covered by integrated regeneration of three to five layers of urothelium. There was no evidence of voiding difficulty, stricture recurrence or other complications.

CONCLUSIONS

The unbraided mesh biodegradable urethral stent with autologous UECs seemed to be feasible for treating PTUS in the rabbit urethra, and provides a hopeful avenue for clinical application allowing reconstruction of PTUS.     

结直肠癌患者手术前后肠道菌群与正常人群的比较

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者手手术前后肠道菌群与正常人群菌群差异.方法 结直肠癌手术病理证实患者15例按术前术后分组,对照组为正常人群15例.晨起排便,37℃培养,分别对各菌株进行鉴定,按平板活菌计数法计数,并进行比较.结果 对照组与术前、术后组比较:术前、术后组大肠杆菌显著增加;双岐杆菌,双歧杆菌/大肠杆菌比值显著减少.术前组与术后组比较:术后组大肠杆菌显著增加,双歧杆菌/大肠杆菌比值显著减少.结论 结直肠癌患者术前即存在大肠杆菌显著增加,双歧杆菌减少,术后更加明显.加强对结直肠癌患者肠道菌群易位的研究,采取相应的措施,可能对结直肠癌的防治具有重要的意义.     

老年人下肢动脉闭塞的血管重建术262例分析

目的 总结对下肢缺血老年患者进行动脉重建术的手术效果及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析从2006年1月至2008年11月收治的262例下肢动脉缺血的老年患者的临床资料.总结对老年患者行下肢动脉重建术围手术期的关注要点及影响远期预后的因素.结果 本组262例老年患者(323条患肢),下肢动脉血管旁路术102条,腔内治疗98条,单纯取栓/内膜剥脱术67条,手术(血管搭桥/取栓/内膜剥脱术)结合腔内治疗多节段病变56条.手术成功率94.7%,围手术期死亡2例(30 d内),围手术期严重并发症15例.262例中245例患者获得术后获有效随访,随防率93.5%,随访时间1～35个月,平均(18±10)个月.随访期内,死亡15例,血管Ⅰ期通畅率80.5%,Ⅱ期通畅率92.7%,保肢率95.2%.危险因素分析提示:有冠心病病史和年龄大于70岁的病例组在随访期内死亡明显高于其他组.合并糖尿病、病情严重、病变范围广导致术后血管再闭塞发生率高,且截肢数量增加.结论 重症下肢动脉闭塞症的动脉重建术依赖于熟练的手术经验,综合性的多科室协作,合理的手术方案以及围手术期的细致管理.     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

护理干预对植入心脏起搏器患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨护理干预对植入心脏起搏器(下称起搏器)患者生活质量的影响。方法将64例植入起搏器患者按入院时间先后交替分为对照组和干预组各32例。对照组行常规护理,干预组在此基础上采取护患一对一的分时段、分年龄段的护理干预。分别统计两组入院时及术后1、3、6个月的生活质量评分。结果两组术后1、3、6个月生活质量评分与入院时比较,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.01);干预组术后1、3、6个月评分显著优于同期对照组(均P<0.01)。结论护理干预可明显改善植入起搏器患者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能和对疾病知识的认知,提高患者的生活质量。     

选择性绿激光汽化术治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的　探讨经尿道选择性绿激光前列腺汽化术 (PVP)治疗良性前列腺增生 (BPH)的安全性和疗效。　方法　采用骶管麻醉 ,应用PVP治疗 16 1例BPH患者。观察术中骶麻效果、出血情况、手术时间、术后留置尿管时间、手术前后尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL)及性功能等变化情况。　结果　除 1例改为硬膜外麻醉者外 ,余 16 0例均采用骶麻 ,手术顺利。手术时间15～ 2 10min ,平均 (44 .5± 2 2 .4 )min ,术中无输血病例。术后 2 1例未留置尿管 ;余 14 0例留置尿管时间2 4～ 72h ,平均 (34.4± 2 0 .8)h ,其中拔除尿管后出现 2例短暂排尿困难 ,2例继发性出血 ,无尿失禁等并发症发生。术后随访 3～ 6个月 ,最大尿流率由术前平均 (6 .5± 2 .4 )ml/s增加至术后 (19.8± 2 .1)ml/s ,IPSS及QOL与术前比较均有明显改善 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。 4 9例术前保持性功能者 ,术后均保留良好性功能。　结论　PVP治疗BPH的操作简单、时间短、出血少 ,留置尿管时间短 ,术后性功能不受影响 ,尤其适合于高龄、高危患者。     

舒芬太尼复合异丙酚抑制气管插管应激反应的效果

【目的】比较靶控输注不同剂量舒芬太尼复合异丙酚抑制气管插管应激反应的效果。【方法】60例择期上腹部手术患者，ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，随机分为3组m=20），全麻诱导时，A组、B组、C组分别靶控输注效应室浓度为0．3、0．5、0．7ng／mL的舒芬太尼2min后．均输注效应室靶浓度为4μg／mL的异丙酚，病人意识消失后给予维库溴铵行气管插管。记录全麻诱导前1min（T1）、气管插管后1min（T2）、3min（T3、10min（T4）各时点平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）；并于T1、T2、T4时点采集桡动脉血，测定血浆肾上腺素（AD）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）浓度。【结果】（1）A组T2时点MAP、HR比T。时点明显升高（P〈0．0S），C组T2、T3、T4时点MAP明显低于A组（P〈0．05），C组T2、T3时点HR明显低于A组（P〈0．05），C组L、T4时点MAP低于B组（P〈0．05）；（2）A组T2时点血浆AD和NA浓度较T1时点明显升高（P〈0．05）、较B组高（P〈0．05）、较C组高（P〈0．05）。【结论】靶控输注舒芬太尼复合异丙酚可以有效抑制气管插管应激反应，其中舒芬太尼效应室浓度0．5ng／mL复合异丙酚效应室浓度4μg／mL靶控输注的效果较好。