地特胰岛素与甘精胰岛素控制2型糖尿病患者血糖情况的随机、交叉、双盲比较研究

地特胰岛素和甘精胰岛素均是基础胰岛素类似物，适用于每日1次单药治疗或与其他降糖药物联合治疗2型糖尿病。葡萄糖钳夹试验显示地特胰岛素和甘精胰岛素的作用时间相似。此研究旨在采用连续血糖监测系统（CGMS）比较地特胰岛素和甘精胰岛素控制24h血糖的情况。     

Self-Healable and Recyclable Sulfur Rich Poly(vinyl chloride) by S–S Dynamic Bonding

In this work, a new approach to vulcanize commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) at room temperature and in a relatively short time (4 h) by using elemental sulfur and an initiator such as Na₂S.9H₂O is reported. The obtained crosslinked polymer contains polysulfide linkages that facilitate recycling/self-healing through dynamic S–S linkages. It is shown that PVC-polysulfide networks could be reprocessed at 180 °C for three times. The thermal and spectral characterizations of the polymers before and after recycling are performed via FT-IR, DSC, and TGA analyses. The potential use of the sulfur rich PVC-polysulfide system as cathode material for Li-S battery application is also investigated and the first discharge capacity is found to be around 610 mAh g⁻¹ that later faded rapidly.     

Photoinduced Side-Chain Functionalization,Grafting, Cross-Linking,and Chain Extension by Thiol-Epoxide Click Reaction Using Photo Base Generator

In this work, photoinduced thiol-epoxy click reaction for side-chain functionalization, chain-extension, grafting, and cross-linking of polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization by using 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene thioxanthone acetate (Tx-DBU) as a photo base generator (PBG) is described. Irradiation of Tx-DBU at 365 nm leads to the generation of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in neutral form as a super base. DBU is capable of abstracting protons from thiols and thus formed thiolates are excellent nucleophiles that exhibit high affinity toward electrophiles such as epoxide rings. Appropriately selected thiols are successfully used for the desired reactions. The precursors and resulting polymers are characterized using ¹H-NMR, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. This study shows that the use PBGs can further be extended to the synthesis of various complex macromolecular structures by the described post modification processes.     

Effects of medications on hypoxia-inducible factor in the retina: A review

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a critical role in the mechanisms that allow cells to adapt to various oxygen levels in the environment. Specifically, HIF-1⍺ has shown to be widely involved in cellular repair, survival, and energy metabolism. HIF-1⍺ has also been found in increased levels in cancer cells, highlighting the importance of balance in the hypoxic response. Promoting HIF-1⍺ activity as a potential therapy for degenerative diseases and inhibiting HIF-1⍺ as a therapy for pathologies with overactive cell proliferation are actively being explored. Digoxin and metformin, HIF-1⍺ inhibitors, and deferoxamine and ⍺-ketoglutarate analogues, HIF-1⍺ activators, are being studied for application in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. However, these same medications have retinal toxicities that must be assessed before implementation of therapeutic care. Herein, we highlight the duality of therapeutic and toxic potential of HIF-1⍺ that must be carefully assessed prior to its clinical application in retinal disorders.