整骨疗法治疗非特异性下腰痛：解读2016年美国骨科协会的指南

文题释义：整骨疗法：文章中提及的整骨疗法是指美式整骨手法,指南中明确为由整骨医师或其他在整骨手法治疗方面受过培训和精通的医师(如欧洲接受过整骨培训项目的医师)提供的手法治疗。该方法强调徒手操作技巧,通过调整脊柱的结构紊乱,改善肌肉骨骼系统功能,能对其他神经肌肉骨骼组织与器官的功能障碍、组织病理条件或是复杂的症状产生积极影响。 非特异性下腰痛：美国骨科协会指南适用的范围为非特异性下腰痛患者,所有非特异性肌肉及骨骼源性下腰痛患者均符合指南建议。而有内脏疾病引起腰痛的患者应被排除在指南之外。其他应排除发生以下确定的下腰痛来源的情况：脊椎骨折;椎关节脱位;肌肉撕裂;脊柱或脊椎关节韧带断裂;椎间盘、脊柱关节突关节、肌肉或筋膜的炎症;皮肤撕裂伤;骶髂关节炎;强直性脊柱炎;肿块在或从背部下部引起疼痛的患者。但是指南特别指出,排除在指南之外并不意味着整骨手法在这些情况下是禁忌的。 背景：下腰痛是骨科常见疾病之一,非特异性下腰痛在临床中占到了非常大的比重。为更好的治疗该疾病,2016年美国骨科协会制定了整骨疗法治疗非特异性下腰痛患者的临床指南。 目的：通过解读指南让骨科医生以及其他医生、其他卫生专业人员和第三方付费者了解关于适当使用整骨手法治疗非特异性下腰痛患者的潜在建议的证据,帮助临床骨科医生在遇到非特异性下腰痛患者选择治疗方法时提供参考。同时科研工作者可借鉴、学习指南中科学严谨的设计思路与评价方法。 方法：指南是建立在先前指南和最新高质量荟萃分析的基础上进行的修订,确定了采用整骨手法治疗非特异性下腰痛为确实有效的治疗手段,明确其推荐等级。文章通过详细解读指南中的相关定义、循证医学的评价方法、具体内容和结果,并结合中国临床实际进行分析与讨论。 结果与结论：指南共纳入17项研究,系统评价了整骨手法在治疗急慢性非特异性下腰痛以及妊娠期及产后妇女非特异性下腰痛的治疗效果,结果证实患者在疼痛及功能状态等方面都有极大的改善,美国骨科协会的最终建议是建议骨科医生使用整骨手法治疗下腰痛患者。该治疗方法安全性及科学性较高,适合在国内进行推广。 ORCID: 0000-0001-6897-1581(谢瑞) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Water-dispersible magnetic carbon nanotubes as T2-weighted MRI contrast agents

An efficient MRI T₂-weighted contrast agent incorporating a potential liver targeting functionality was synthesized via the combination of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was coated on the surface of acid treated MWCNTs via electrostatic interactions and SPIO nanoparticles modified with a potential targeting agent, lactose–glycine adduct (Lac–Gly), were subsequently immobilized on the surface of the PDDA–MWCNTs. A narrow magnetic hysteresis loop indicated that the product displayed superparamagnetism at room temperature which was further confirmed by ZFC (zero field cooling)/FC (field cooling) curves measured by SQUID. The multifunctional MWCNT-based magnetic nanocomposites showed low cytotoxicity in vitro to HEK293 and Huh7 cell lines. Enhanced T₂ relaxivities were observed for the hybrid material (186 mm⁻¹ s⁻¹) in comparison with the pure magnetic nanoparticles (92 mm⁻¹ s⁻¹) due to the capacity of the MWCNTs to “carry” more nanoparticles as clusters. More importantly, after administration of the composite material to an in vivo liver cancer model in mice, a significant increase in tumor to liver contrast ratio (277%) was observed in T₂ weighted magnetic resonance images.     

Glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase is frequently overexpressed in glioma and critically regulates the proliferation of glioma cells

Aims

Current treatments for the most common form of brain tumor, glioma, are disappointing in their effectiveness. Low expression levels of GART, an enzyme in the core nucleotide metabolism, significantly correlate with chemosensitivity, conferring a survival advantage to tumor cells. Our study aimed to explore the expression and function of GART in glioma.

Methods

Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were performed in 70 cases of human gliomas and normal brain tissues. We mainly used cell growth assay and multicellular tumor spheroid formation assay to evaluate the proliferation and chemosensitivity of glioma cells.

Results

High GART expression (most cancer cells cytoplasm stained) was observed in 70 specimens and was related to the grade of malignancy. We also reviewed each grade of tumors separately and investigated whether GART expression predicted patient survival within each subgroup. In brief, GART overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.03). Interestingly, transfecting cells with GART-siRNA suppressed proliferation and enhanced temozolomide (TMZ)-induced apoptosis in glioma cells.

Conclusion

The current results showed that GART expression was associated with glioma grade and that high GART protein expression might be related to poor outcome.     

Disease stigma and intentions to seek care for stress urinary incontinence among community-dwelling women

Objectives

Urinary incontinence (UI) threatens women's physical and mental health, but few women seek healthcare for their incontinence. Evidence is substantial that stigma may be associated with health service utilization for such diseases as mental illness, but sparse for UI. We examine the relationship between disease stigma and intentions to seek care for UI.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional community-based study was used. A purposive sample of 305 women aged 40–65 years in a Chinese city who had stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was enrolled from May to October in 2011.

Measurements

Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, UI symptoms, disease stigma and intentions to seek care.

Results

Social rejection was positively linearly related to intentions to seek care for UI (β = 0.207; 95% CI = 0.152, 0.784), indicating that more social rejection predicted stronger intentions to seek care. Significant curvilinear association between internalized shame and intentions to seek care was observed (β = −0.169; 95% CI = −0.433, −0.047). Compared to women with the low and high levels of internalized shame, those with the moderate level of internalized shame reported stronger intentions to seek care.

Conclusion

The impact of stigma on intentions to seek care varies by aspects and levels of stigma. Social rejection enhances intentions to seek care while internalized shame influences intentions to seek care in a quadratic way. The crucial step of targeted interventions will be to disentangle subgroups of SUI women with different aspects and levels of stigma.     

哮喘的炎症标志物

哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病.检测、评估气道炎症对于哮喘的早期诊断、病情严重程度的判断、药物种类和剂量的选择以及对已控制症状患者停药时机的选择等,均有重要的临床指导意义,故迫切需要能客观地反映气道炎症的检测技术来指导哮喘的诊断和治疗.目前研究较多的炎症标志物主要有呼出气一氧化氮、白三烯、呼出气冷凝液测定、骨膜蛋白、人软骨糖蛋白等.该文就上述炎症标志物的生物学特性及在哮喘临床中的应用进行阐述.     

电子通行证在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期三级甲等综合医院患者筛查中的应用效果

目的通过电子通行证的使用,保障患者在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期的就诊过程安全、快捷。方法2020年2月,便利抽样法选取上海市某三级甲等综合医院门诊就诊的患者为研究对象。设计开发预检筛查小程序并生成患者电子通行证;比较电子通行证应用前后门诊患者预检筛查时间、就诊或检查时医生问诊时间。结果电子通行证应用后,门诊患者筛查时间、就诊或检查时医生问诊时间较电子通行证应用前均明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,应用电子通行证可提高患者的就诊效率,保障患者就诊安全,有效应对突发公共卫生事件。     

2000~2019年国家自然科学基金资助循证医学相关项目情况分析

目的分析2000~2019年国家自然科学基金(国自然)对循证医学相关项目的资助情况。方法计算机检索国家自然基金数据库、科学基金系统和丁香通、梅斯医学等网站获取国自然项目信息,同时检索CNKI、VIP、CBM、WanFang Data和Web of Science获取项目成果信息后,采用Excel 2016软件对检索结果进行统计分析。结果国自然从2000年开始资助循证医学项目。20年间国家自然科学基金资助各类循证医学相关项目共94项,资助金额总计4476.3万元;北京、上海、广东、四川等地区立项数、资助单位数及资助金额排名均靠前;面上项目和青年项目是国自然资助循证医学项目的主体;中医药学研究新技术和新方法、卫生管理与政策、中西医结合临床基础等学科分类的资助比例较大;面上项目的论文成果产出总量最多,但国家杰出青年科学基金的单位成果产出最高;中国循证医学中心有3篇成果文献发表在BMJ上并获高被引。结论国家自然科学基金对循证医学相关项目资助力度逐年增加,但对比自然基金平均项目相对较弱。同时资助地域、单位不均衡;研究方向及内容逐年变化,呈学科聚集趋势。     

CD40L基因c.674T>C突变的X连锁高IgM综合征1例报道

目的探讨高IgM综合征的特点、临床表现、实验室检查与治疗。方法回顾性分析1例X连锁高IgM综合征患者的临床资料。结果患儿以反复呼吸道感染入院,免疫功能检查提示IgG、IgA明显降低,IgM明显升高;基因检测结果示CD40L基因c.674T>C突变,给予抗感染、定期静脉滴注人免疫球蛋白等治疗。结论高IgM综合征临床表现缺乏特异性,依靠基因检测进行诊断;规律人免疫球蛋白替代治疗可能会提高患儿生存质量,延长寿命。     

类风湿性关节炎大小鼠动物模型的研究进展

类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种常见的自身免疫性疾病,致残率高,其病理机制尚不明确.构建合适的尤其是与人RA发病相似的动物模型在研究RA的发病机制和临床治疗方面具有十分重要的意义.而所构建类风湿性关节炎模型所选择的大小鼠品系和方法很多,各种动物模型都有其各自的侧重点.现针对所报道的...