Solvothermal synthesis of Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced sonodynamic effects for destroying tumors

Titania (TiO₂) nanomaterials have been proved to be biocompatible sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of various cancer cells, while they suffer from weak sonodynamic effects due to fast combination of excited carriers. In this work, to improve the therapeutic efficiency, we prepared PEGylated Nb-doped TiO₂ (TiO_2−x:Nb) nanoparticles by a simple solvothermal method and a subsequent surface modification process. The TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles exhibited an average size of 11 nm and a polydisperse index of 0.12. The Nb doping had no obvious effect on the phase of TiO₂ matrixes but released electrons to the conduction band of TiO₂, resulting in high concentrations of deficiencies. As a result, the TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles exhibited a higher efficiency of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation than that of pure TiO₂ nanoparticles upon ultrasound irradiation. Importantly, the TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles had high biocompatibility similar to pure TiO₂ nanoparticles, while they could efficiently produce cytotoxic ¹O₂ to destroy cancer cells in vitro in comparison to the partially destroyed cancer cells by pure TiO₂ nanoparticles upon ultrasound irradiation. More importantly, the TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles displayed obvious tumor cellular injury in tumor-bearing mice in vivo through high SDT effects. Therefore, the synthesized PEGylated TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles in this study exhibited higher therapeutic effects of SDT than that of the pure TiO₂ nanoparticles, and the doping strategy would provide some insights for tuning traditional weak sonosensitizers into efficient ones.

TiO_2−x:Nb nanoparticles displayed obvious tumor cellular injury in tumor-bearing mice in vivo through high SDT effect.     

中医临床证据分级和推荐体系发展现状

证据分级和推荐体系在中医药循证医学发展中不可或缺。中医药理论及临床独具特色,照搬西方医学分级体系不合实际,国内众多学者对中医药领域证据分级和推荐体系进行了多年的探索。本文回顾国际临床证据和推荐体系的发展,总结分析目前国内较有代表性的中医药证据分级体系,阐述中医证据特点及发展趋势,为中医临床证据分级体系的成熟与完善提供参考,进而推动中医证据评价的研究。     

单纯胸外按压课程在高校人群心肺复苏培训中的应用

目的分析单纯胸外按压(chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CC-CPR)课程对高校人群胸外按压培训效果,探索心肺复苏公众培训新形式。方法招募120名高校人群随机分为CC-CPR课程组、Heart-saver CPR&AED First Aid(HS)课程组。两组分别进行不同课程培训,通过SUNLIFE Palm CPR胸腔按压反馈仪收集培训后按压数据,比较两组平均按压深度、平均按压频率、正确按压率、按压深度达标率、按压频率达标率、不良按压率。结果CC-CPR课程组在按压平均深度、频率上达到与HS课程组相同的培训效果,但在胸外按压达标率上比较,CC-CPR课程组比HS课程组在按压正确率、按压深度达标率、按压频率达标率上都有显著提升(P<0.05)。从不良胸外按压上比较,两组在滞留按压率、过深按压率、过慢按压率上都控制良好;但在过浅按压和过快按压发生率比较,CC-CPR课程组明显少于HS课程组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CC-CPR课程可使高校人群获得较HS课程更优的按压质量,且效率更高,是普及高校人群CPR培训方式的一种尝试与创新。     

SGCE基因变异致儿童肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征临床特点及基因分析

目的探讨SGCE基因变异导致儿童期起病的肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征患儿的临床特点及基因分型.方法收集2018年5月至2019年10月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院神经内科和北京大学第一医院儿科共同收集的9例经全外显子组测序方法以及多重链接依赖的探针扩增技术确诊的SGCE基因变异导致的肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征患儿的临床资料,并对患儿进行随访,对临床特点及基因变异结果进行回顾性总结分析.结果9例患儿中男4例、女5例,起病年龄1岁~3岁2月龄.首发症状为肌阵挛者4例,肌张力障碍者5例.病程中,9例均有肌阵挛症状,8例有肌张力障碍症状.8例肌阵挛表现为双上肢不自主抖动.6例病程中曾有下肢突然抖动一下,导致步态不稳甚至跌倒.肌张力障碍症状表现为行走姿势异常,其中5例右下肢受累,3例左下肢受累.3例有阳性家族史.9例患儿智力发育均正常.发作期及发作间期视频脑电图未见明显异常,肌电图及头颅磁共振成像正常.基因结果示9例携带SGCE基因变异,其中3例为移码变异,2例为无义变异,2例为错义变异,1例为大片段缺失变异,1例为剪切位点变异;7例为遗传性变异,均为父源,2例为新生变异.治疗上,8例加用美多芭口服,6例肌阵挛较前有所减少,走路姿势不同程度改善.4例加用硝西泮,2例有效.结论SGCE基因变异可导致肌阵挛肌张力障碍综合征,多在幼儿期或学龄前期起病,肌阵挛和肌张力障碍均可为首发症状.非癫痫性肌阵挛是其突出症状,且有上肢优势特点.绝大多数病程中伴肌张力障碍,部分肌张力障碍可自行缓解.SGCE基因为母源印记基因,遗传性变异多为父源.     

局部晚期食管鳞癌新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解关系分析

目的 探讨接受新辅助放化疗的局部晚期食管鳞癌患者新辅助放疗剂量与病理完全缓解(pCR)的关系。方法 收集2017-2019年间在四川大学华西医院肿瘤中心经病理确诊为食管鳞癌并接受新辅助放化疗和手术的 116例局部晚期患者临床资料。116例患者中 40~45Gy组 80例,≥45Gy组 36例,分析两组术后pCR率。结果 全组患者的pCR率为38.8%(45/116),40~45Gy组与≥45Gy组的pCR率分别为44%(35/80)和28%(10/36)(P=0.105)。结论 术前新辅助采用较高的放疗剂量不增加局部晚期食管鳞癌的pCR率,有必要进行前瞻性的临床研究确定合适的新辅助放疗剂量。     

Spot双目视力筛查仪和自动电脑验光仪在近视筛查中结果的比较

目的：:比较Spot双目视力筛查仪和自动电脑验光仪在近视筛查中结果的差异、相关性和一致性。方法：:横断面研究。采用分层随机方法抽取徐州某学校6～19岁的学生共500人,分别用Spot双目视力筛查仪（VS100,美国伟伦公司）和自动电脑验光仪（KR800,日本拓普康公司）进行验光检查。记录睫状肌麻痹（1%复方托吡卡胺眼药...     

氨甲环酸在全膝关节置换术围术期的应用效果分析

目的 分析氨甲环酸在全膝关节置换术围术期的应用效果.方法 以2018年12月至2020年3月本院关节外科收治的老年膝骨关节炎患者120例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各60例.对照组采用全膝关节置换术进行治疗,观察组在全膝关节置换术的术中和术后分别使用氨甲环酸注射液进行治疗,均使用1次,两组术后均随访...     

自拟通络活血汤熏洗配合低频脉冲防治奥沙利铂神经毒性临床观察

目的:观察自拟通络活血汤熏洗配合低频脉冲对防治奥沙利铂神经毒性的临床疗效。方法:收集符合标准接受奥沙利铂联合化疗的患者82例,分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例,2组均接受6个疗程的基于奥沙利铂的方案化疗并同时全程口服B族维生素预防OPIN(奥沙利铂导致的末梢神经毒性),观察组在对照组的基础上在每个化疗周期的第1天至第5天予以自拟通络活血汤熏洗及足三里穴位低频脉冲电治疗。2组患者均在辅助化疗开始前及6个疗程的辅助化疗结束后分别对外周神经的传导速度进行检测,具体包括正中神经、腓肠神经及胫神经的感觉神经(SCV)传导速度和运动神经(MCV)传导速度。结果:对照组、观察组外周神经毒性发生率分别是65.85%、36.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组外周毒性出现的时间、毒性分级比较,差异均有有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组组患者经化疗后正中神经、腓总神经、胫神经的传导速度均可见不同程度的减慢,但观察组减慢的程度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:自拟通络活血汤配合低频脉冲可有效防治奥沙利铂所引起的外周神经毒性。     

Tofacitinib for acute rheumatoid arthritis patients who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of patients with acute rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Randomized controlled trials were searched in MEDLINE (1966–2013), Embase (1947–2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1948–2013), WHO International Clinical Trial Registration Platform (2004–2013), Clinical Trial.gov (1999–2013), and China Biology Medicine disc (1978–2013). The review included 10 studies involving 4,929 patients. A pooled analysis of six studies showed that tofacitinib had a superior effect over placebo (both with background therapy) at weeks 12 and 24. Also, the pooled results of three studies showed that tofacitinib monotherapy had a significantly greater effect over placebo. Compared to adalimumab, tofacitinib was found to be more efficacious as well. For safety, tofacitinib monotherapy had less serious adverse events (sAE) than placebo but not other adverse effects (oAE). In the comparison of tofacitinib and placebo both with background therapy, no difference in sAE and oAE were found. However, the quality of the evidence was quite low when evaluated using GRADE. Tofacitinib alone, or together with non-biologic DMARDs, was associated with more favorable remission in the signs and symptoms of RA than adalimumab or placebo. Also, tofacitinib monotherapy was safer than placebo with regards to reported sAE, but not oAE. However, the quality of evidence is exceedingly low; long-term, large-scale, and high-quality post-marketing research is suggested to further verify the conclusion.     

五轴联动国产数控系统在航空加工中的应用与验证

检测结果表明S试件加工精度合格,证明采用国产高档数控系统替代原SIEMENS-840D系统后的大型双龙门五轴联动铣床的功能和性能均已满足复杂结构件加工要求。该例数控系统国产化替代的成功实施,标志着国产五轴联动数控系统在航空复杂、精密结构件加工中的首试应用成功,实现了国产五轴联动高档数控系统在航空领域生产应用中"零"的突破。