直电极与弯电极序列人工耳蜗植入深度的比较

目的测量比较Nucleus CI 24M直电极序列和CI24 Contour弯电极序列两种型号植入体的电极植入深度。方法对41例CI 24M和8例CI 24 Contour植入者,术后拍摄耳蜗位X线平片。应用图像处理技术,比照耳蜗螺旋模板,建立电极序列的极坐标图形,测量第22号电极与耳蜗开窗处的极坐标角度,两者之差代表了电极序列的植入深度。以t检验比较两种型号植入体的植入深度状况。结果 无内耳畸形、手术条件相当的情况下,CI 24 Contour植入体的平均插入角度为413°,CI 24M植入体的平均插入角度为316°,P=0.0001。结论CI 24 Contour植入体的植入深度明显深于CI 24M。前者更有利于医师进行植入。     

From Hippocrates to the Eskimo--a history of techniques used to reduce anterior dislocation of the shoulder

It has been recognised for thousands of years that the shoulder joint is particularly prone to dislocation following trauma. From the time of Hippocrates, physicians have described a variety of different techniques aimed at reducing shoulder dislocations. In this article we review the historical development of these techniques and suggest that, despite being described as new, many of these are simply variations on an already established method.     

含羟基喜树碱联合方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 :观察含羟基喜树碱 (HCPT)联合方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)患者的客观疗效及毒副作用。方法 :4 6例中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者为治疗组 ,应用含羟基喜树碱方案化疗 ,其中 2 5例肺腺癌患者接受HFAP方案 ,2 1例肺鳞癌患者接受HCAP方案 ,4周为一周期 ,2周期为一疗程 ;以同期住院的未用HCPT联合化疗的同类患者 4 2例作为对照组 ,其剂量、周期、疗程与治疗组相同 ,但不用HCPT。结果 :治疗组 4 3例患者完成一疗程治疗 ,肺腺癌有效率为 5 6 % ,CR 2例 ,PR 12例 ;肺鳞癌有效率为 5 5 5 % ,CR为 0 ,PR 10例 ,总有效率 (CR +PR)为 5 5 8% ;对照组 4 2例均完成一疗程治疗 ,肺腺癌有效率为37 5 % ,CR 1例 ,PR 9例 ;肺鳞癌有效率为 33 3% ,PR 6例 ,有效率 35 7% ;两组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。治疗组和对照组的毒副反应主要表现为食欲不振、脱发、恶心呕吐和白细胞及血小板减少 ,两组毒副反应发生率无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :羟基喜树碱联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效确切 ,副作用可耐受 ,该药是治疗非小细胞肺癌较为有效的药物 ,值得进一步在临床中观察和研究。     

EXPRESSION OF p16,CYCLIN D1 AND RB PROTEIN IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND PREMALIGNANT LESIONS

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most serious diseases in mankind. Its pathogenesis has not been understood very clearly. Recent researches suggested that oncogenes (such as cyclin D1), antioncogenes (ie., p16, Rb) and cell cycle played an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. But there are few reports about the relationship between these genes in gastric carcinoma and gastric premalignant lesions. In this study, we will discuss these problems. MATERIALS AND METHO…     

上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织中端粒酶活性的表达及与临床病理因素相关性研究

目的:探讨端粒酶在卵巢癌发 生和发展中的作用,及端粒酶活性与临 床病理因素的相关性。方法:应用端粒 重复序列扩增技术(TRAP)检测45例卵 巢上皮性肿瘤及9例正常卵巢组织端粒 酶活性。结果:端粒酶阳性检出率在恶 性和交界性卵巢肿瘤组中分别为 83.33%(25/30)和5/7,差异无统计学意 义,P=0.5963;良性上皮性卵巢肿瘤及 正常卵巢上皮组织中未检测到端粒酶活 性,与前两组之间均差异有统计学意义 P<0.01。端粒酶的表达与临床病理因 素无明显相关性。结论:端粒酶在卵巢 癌发生和发展过程中可能具有重要作 用,并有望作为卵巢上皮性癌基因治疗 的靶点。     

Alcohol intake is associated with altered pulmonary function.

Little is known about the effect of moderate alcohol intake on lung function in the general population. Because moderate alcohol intake appears to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, we hypothesized that moderate alcohol intake is associated with better pulmonary function. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between alcohol intake and pulmonary function, measured by spirometry, in a representative sample of U.S. adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A stratified multistage clustered probability design was used to select a population-based sample. Data analyzed included alcohol intake, smoking status, education, body mass, sex, age, race, diabetes status, and CHF status. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted from 1988 to 1994 by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. We analyzed data from 15,294 study participants who completed extensive questionnaires in the household and a comprehensive physical examination, including pulmonary function testing, either in the household or at a specially equipped mobile examination center. Low-to-moderate alcohol intake was not associated with reduced odds of obstructive lung function. In fact, increased odds for obstructive lung pattern were observed only in former heavy drinkers. In contrast, low-to-moderate alcohol intake was associated with better forced vital capacity and forced exhaled volume in 1s in the absence of obstruction, consistent with reduced odds for lung restriction. Using a logistic regression model, we found that individuals reporting alcohol consumption had a lower risk of lung restriction both before and after adjusting for confounding factors including smoking (P< or =.001). Alcohol intake-related reduced risk for restriction was associated with lower risk of CHF, diabetes, obesity, and lower markers of inflammation (white blood cell, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein) consistent with less lung congestion, external restriction, and/or lung inflammation. Our analyses indicate that alcohol consumption, even at very modest intake levels, is associated with less lung restriction.     

商标及其翻译的文化传播功能

随着改革开放的进一步深化,大量的国际知名产品涌入国内市场.同时,伴随着国内产品竞争力的不断提升,许多 产品也正在走向国际市场.商标作为商品经济的产物,它的翻译备受关注,并且亦已进入语言学界研究的视野.该 文就国内市场上一些著名英语商标品牌词语的翻译和其所包涵的文化寓意,进行了有益的探讨,以期为我国的产 品能更好地进入国际市场提供一些建议.     

垂体腺瘤的血管生成、瘤细胞的凋亡与侵袭性的关系

目的　探讨微血管密度 (Microvesseldensity,MVD)、瘤细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)与肿瘤侵袭性的关系。方法应用EnVision二步法免疫组化技术检测 5 8例垂体腺瘤的微血管密度 (MVD) ;应用流式细胞术 (Flowcytometry ,FCM)对 38例垂体腺瘤 (12例侵袭性腺瘤 )检测瘤细胞凋亡情况 ;分为侵袭组和非侵袭组进行统计学分析 ,并对MVD与瘤细胞凋亡进行相关性分析。结果　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 6 .78± 1.6 7;非侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 3.72± 1.0 2 ;差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。肿瘤细胞的凋亡百分比 ,侵袭性为 11.5 2± 6 .77(% ) ,非侵袭性为 6 .0 5± 4 .82 (% ) ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。侵袭性垂体腺瘤细胞凋亡率高 ,垂体腺瘤的异倍体率为 6 3.2 % ,其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤为 87.5 % ,非侵袭性腺瘤为 4 5 .5 % ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。直线相关分析显示 ,MVD与瘤细胞凋亡呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 12 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD增高、DNA倍增明显 ,同时肿瘤细胞凋亡也增加。     

枕下远外侧入路解剖研究与临床应用

目的　探讨枕下远外侧入路的相关解剖研究和临床应用效果。方法　选用 2 0例成人头颅湿标本进行显微解剖测量。应用枕下远外侧入路切除枕大孔区和前外侧肿瘤 10例。结果　枕骨髁为术中重要的解剖标志 ,枕下三角为显露椎动脉的重要标志 ,枕下三角由三条肌肉形成 ,即头后大直肌、头上斜肌和头下斜肌。枕下三角内有椎动脉及肌支 ,椎静脉丛和颈 1神经。测量寰椎横突孔外缘至椎动脉入颅处距离 ,左侧 (16 .87± 2 .0 8)mm、右侧 (16 .79± 1.90 )mm。枕大孔区肿瘤 10例手术中 ,肿瘤全切 6例 ,次全切 3例 ,大部分切除 1例 ,无手术死亡。结论　枕下远外侧入路手术应了解枕大孔区的相关解剖参数和局部解剖结构 ,该入路优点能增加术野空间 ,最大程度上显露肿瘤组织 ,减少对脑干和重要血管神经牵拉。     

三种不同病因不孕症患者黄体血肿发生情况比较

目的 :比较 3种不同病因的不孕症患者黄体血肿的发生情况。方法 :回顾性分析了行排卵监测的不孕妇女2 4 0例 ,根据其不孕病因分为 3组 ,子宫内膜异位症组 77例 ,慢性盆腔炎组 (盆腔粘连、结核 ) 4 8例 ,对照组 (女方无明显异常的不孕妇女 ) 115例。比较此 3组患者的黄体血肿发生情况。结果 :子宫内膜异位症组、慢性盆腔炎组、对照组黄体血肿发病率分别为 2 7.2 %、16 .7%、0 .87% ,前两组高于第 3组 ,差异具有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。子宫内膜异位症组黄体血肿发生率高于慢性盆腔炎组 ,但差异无显著性。子宫内膜异位症组与慢性盆腔炎组黄体血肿的直径、黄体血肿形成前卵泡的直径差异无显著性。结论 :子宫内膜异位症和慢性盆腔炎患者黄体血肿的发生率较高 ,诊断为子宫内膜异位症或慢性盆腔炎 (盆腔粘连或结核 )的不孕患者 ,如排卵监测时出现黄体血肿 ,可作为选择腹腔镜检查与手术的参考因素之一。