MRI在颅内血管母细胞瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨MRI在颅内血管母细胞瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法18例经手术病理证实的颅内血管母细胞瘤患者，男11例，女7例，均行MRI平扫＋增强检查，分析其MRI征象。结果17例血管母细胞瘤位于后颅窝。14例表现为大囊小结节型，结节强化明显；4例表现为实质型。13例瘤内或瘤周可见血管流空信号。MRI术前诊断准确率为88．9％（16/18）。结论MRI是术前诊断血管母细胞瘤的有效检查方法。     

MHD患者营养不良-炎症综合征与营养风险及生存质量的相关分析

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者营养不良-炎症综合征(malnutrition inflammation complex syndrome,MICS)与营养风险及生存质量的相关性.方法 选择在昆明医科大学第一附属医院和云南肾脏病医院接受血液透析治疗≥3个月的61例透析患者为研究对象,用NRS2002进行营养风险筛查,用营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)来判断其MICS,用SF-36量表进行生存质量调查.并根据MIS评分将存在MICS的患者分为轻度(MIS≤4)、中度(5≤MIS≤8)、重度(MIS≥9)三组.结果 ①MIS评分在有、无营养风险两组患者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与NRS2002评分正相关(r=0.612,P＜0.01);②不同MICS组间握力差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③三组MICS组间比较体力所致工作和生活受限得分差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MIS评分与SF-36总分、生理和心理领域、体能、体力所致工作和生活受限、社会功能呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);④有、无营养风险的两组MHD患者生存质量无差异(P＞0.05).结论 MHD患者营养风险越高其营养不良-炎症综合征越严重,营养不良-炎症综合征越严重其生存质量越差.     

Supra-acetabular line is better than supra-iliac line for coronal balance referencing—a study of perioperative whole spine X-rays in degenerative lumbar scoliosis and ankylosing spondylitis patients

Background Context

The aim of spinal deformity correction is to restore the spine's functional alignment by balancing it in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Regardless of posture, the ideal coronal profile is straight, and therefore readily assessable.

先天性脊柱侧凸患者的背部皮肤病变及其临床意义

目的 分析先天性脊柱侧凸患者背部中线处皮肤病变及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析在我院初次诊治、存在背部中线处皮肤病变的先天性脊柱侧凸,除外脊髓脊膜膨出患者.结果 在1990年～2005年诊治的先天性脊柱侧凸患者中,63例患者存在背部中线处皮肤病变,具体表现为背部异常毛发32例,皮肤色素斑22例,背部软组织包块3例,背部皮肤凹陷1例,色素斑和异常毛发3例,异常毛发和皮下结节2例.13例(20.6%)患者同时存在椎管内异常,包括脊髓纵裂10例,脊髓空洞症2例,脂肪瘤1例.13例患者中,先天性脊柱侧凸类型表现为形成障碍3例,分节障碍2例,混合型8例,84.6%(11/13)为多发椎体畸形.此13例患者的皮肤异常具体表现为多毛7例,色素斑3例,背部肿物2例,皮肤凹陷1例,不同皮肤异常类型之间椎管内异常的发生率比较无统计学意义.同期诊治无背部皮肤病变的先天性脊柱侧凸294.例,11例(3.7%)存在椎管内异常,其发生率同存在皮肤病变的患者相比,差异存在统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 背部中线处皮肤病变可能是先天性脊柱侧凸患者尤其是合并多发椎体畸形者合并椎管内异常的一个标志.     

2017年-2018年某三甲综合医院病案归档措施实施前后的效果分析

目的分析广东省惠州市某三甲综合医院病案归档措施实施前后的效果,探讨病案归档管理的有效实施方法和效果,为医院病案管理质量持续改进与提升提供依据。方法对2017年1月1日-2018年12月31日期间某院的172606份归档病案资料进行回顾性研究。将实施改进措施前的2017年的84459份归档病案,与实施一系列行之有效的改进措施后的2018年的87147份归档病案相互比较,对比结果进行整理、归类与统计分析。结果实施后的2日、3日、7日病案归档率为50.3%、67.0%、95.6%,实施前的病案归档率分别为31.9%、45.1%、86.8%,二者相比,差异具有统计学意义。其中实施后的第4季度7日病案归档率达到最高值97.4%。某院的病案归档管理的改进措施成效明显。结论某院在实施一系列整改措施后,优化病案归档全流程闭环管理,明显改善病案延迟归档现状,有效促进医院2日、3日、7日病案归档率明显提升,持续改进医院病案管理质量和水平。     

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study in Singapore

INTRODUCTIONPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin and joints, and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to assess the prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis and determine whether there was a correlation between psoriasis severity and MetS in a Singapore population.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis, aged 18–69 years, who attended a tertiary dermatology referral centre in Singapore from October 2007 to February 2009. Fasting glucose, lipids, blood pressure, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and body mass index were measured. MetS was diagnosed in the presence of three or more criteria of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.RESULTSAmong 338 patients with psoriasis, there were 238 (70.4%) men and 100 (29.6%) women, who were Chinese (n = 228; 67.5%), Malay (n = 52; 15.4%) and Indian (n = 58; 17.2%). The prevalence of MetS was 45.1%. MetS was 44% more prevalent in patients older than 50 years (p = 0.02). Malay patients with psoriasis were significantly more likely to have hypertriglyceridaemia, elevated fasting plasma glucose and abdominal obesity. There was no significant correlation between psoriasis severity and risk of MetS.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis in Singapore was 45.1%, or nearly threefold higher than the Singapore general population. Patients with psoriasis should be screened yearly for MetS and any modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be actively controlled.     

EHR-based cohort assessment for multicenter RCTs: a fast and flexible model for identifying potential study sites

ObjectiveThe Recruitment Innovation Center (RIC), partnering with the Trial Innovation Network and institutions in the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program, aimed to develop a service line to retrieve study population estimates from electronic health record (EHR) systems for use in selecting enrollment sites for multicenter clinical trials. Our goal was to create and field-test a low burden, low tech, and high-yield method.Materials and MethodsIn building this service line, the RIC strove to complement, rather than replace, CTSA hubs’ existing cohort assessment tools. For each new EHR cohort request, we work with the investigator to develop a computable phenotype algorithm that targets the desired population. CTSA hubs run the phenotype query and return results using a standardized survey. We provide a comprehensive report to the investigator to assist in study site selection.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2020, the RIC developed and socialized 36 phenotype-dependent cohort requests on behalf of investigators. The average response rate to these requests was 73%.DiscussionAchieving enrollment goals in a multicenter clinical trial requires that researchers identify study sites that will provide sufficient enrollment. The fast and flexible method the RIC has developed, with CTSA feedback, allows hubs to query their EHR using a generalizable, vetted phenotype algorithm to produce reliable counts of potentially eligible study participants.ConclusionThe RIC’s EHR cohort assessment process for evaluating sites for multicenter trials has been shown to be efficient and helpful. The model may be replicated for use by other programs.     

不同糖耐量个体胰岛β细胞功能观察及评价

目的评价正常糖耐量（NGT）、糖调节受损（IGR）、新诊断2型糖尿病（T2DM）个体胰岛β细胞功能及其相关指标的适用性。方法178例入选者行口服和静脉葡萄糖耐量试验。检测胰岛素生成指数（ΔI30/ΔG30）、胰岛素急性分泌时相（AIR）、β细胞功能指数（HOMA β）、空腹胰岛素原（FPI）及胰岛素原／胰岛素（PI／I）比值反映胰岛素分泌功能。结果IGR组的ΔI30／ΔG30、AIR较NGT组分别下降了38％、39％,HOMA β轻度下降（19％）;T2DM组的胰岛β细胞功能降低更明显,其中AIR下降84％,ΔI30／ΔG30下降70％、HOMA β下降62％。T2DM组FPI和PI／I比值也比NGT组明显升高（24．4pmol／L±18．0pmol／L or 10．9pmol／L±6．7pmol／L;14．7％±10．5％or10．0％±6．5％,P〈0．05）。ΔI30／ΔG30和AIR相关性好（r=0．75,P〈0．001）。结论IGR患者主要表现胰岛素分泌时相缺陷和HOMA β降低,至糖尿病阶段则伴有胰岛素分泌质量下降。ΔI30／ΔG30和AIR均可准确反映IGR患者胰岛β细胞功能,而在新诊断2型糖尿病患者中AIR更适用,若应用ΔI30／ΔG30须校正胰岛素抵抗。