湖北地区汉族人群维生素D受体基因起始密码单核苷酸多态性与前列腺癌的相关性分析

目的 :了解维生素D受体 (vitaminDreceptor,VDR)基因起始密码单核苷酸多态性与前列腺癌的关系 ,探讨前列腺癌发病的分子机制。　方法 :提取 80例前列腺癌患者及 96例健康男性对照者外周血标本中基因组DNA ,应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)及DNA测序技术检测并分析了VDR基因起始密码单核苷酸多态性在两组中的分布。　结果 :前列腺癌病例和对照组FokⅠ等位基因频率分布均符合Hardy Weinberg定律 ,其FokⅠ多态位点FF、Ff、ff基因型分布频率分别为 32 .5 %、5 0 .0 %、17.5 %和 2 5 .0 %、5 3.13%、2 2 .87% ;等位基因F、f分布频率分别为 4 5 %、5 5 %和 5 1.5 6 %、4 8.4 4 % ,在湖北地区汉族前列腺癌患者及对照者中的分布频率差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :VDR基因起始密码的单核苷酸多态性可能与低发病的湖北地区汉族人群的前列腺癌发生无关。     

高血糖大肠癌病人的围手术期处理

目的：探讨高血糖大肠癌病人围手术期的处理方法。方法：对1997～2002年外科治疗的70例高血糖大肠癌(空腹血糖大于6．1mmol／L)病人作回顾性分析。结果：70例病人均作择期手术，术后并发症发生率：吻合口瘘占8．8％(3／34)。切口感染20．6％，肺部感染、泌尿系感染均为2．9％。无酮症酸中毒发生，无手术死亡。术后平均住院19d。结论：高血糖大肠癌病人的外科治疗必须作好围手术期处理。只要严格控制血糖、选择合理的术式和时机就完全可以达到理想的外科治疗效果。     

老年陈旧性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折后路长节段内固定术后近端交界性后凸的危险因素

目的:探讨后路长节段内固定治疗老年Ⅳ型陈旧性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折（CSOTLF）后近端交界性后凸（PJK）发生的相关危险因素。方法:采用病例对照研究分析2013年1月至2018年6月西安交通大学附属红会医院收治的95例老年Ⅳ型CSOTLF患者临床资料,其中男32例,女63例;年龄60~85岁［（67.4±6.5）...     

数字乳腺X线摄影:男性乳腺疾病诊断的推荐检查可行性分析

目的 基于敏感性、特异性等指标的评价,探讨数字乳腺X线摄影及超声对男性乳腺病变的诊断价值.方法 选取79例行乳腺X线摄影检查的男性乳腺肿块病例,部分病例同时行超声检查(62例).乳腺病灶评价依据2013版BI-RADS,通过2位高年资乳腺放射医师对征象进行分析后作出BI-RADS分类,并将BI-RADS 4a类以上定义...     

Preoperative Ultrasound is Not Useful for Identifying Nodal Metastasis in Melanoma Patients Undergoing Sentinel Node Biopsy: Preoperative Ultrasound in Clinically Node-Negative Melanoma

Background  

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is widely used in melanoma. Identifying nodal involvement preoperatively by high-resolution ultrasound may offer less invasive staging. This study assessed feasibility and staging results of clinically targeted ultrasound (before lymphoscintigraphy) compared to SLNB.     

耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损

目的探讨应用耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣修复耳廓内软组织缺损的方法及疗效。方法 2008年6月-2011年7月,收治11例耳廓内肿物切除后软组织缺损患者。男7例,女4例;年龄26～75岁,平均50岁。其中色素痣5例,基底细胞癌2例,混合性血管瘤2例,皮肤乳头状瘤2例。病程3～50年,平均35年。彻底切除肿物后,软组织缺损范围为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～3.5 cm×3.0 cm。沿颞浅动脉及耳后动脉走向,设计耳后"乒乓球拍状"窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣,通过隧道移位修复缺损,皮瓣切取范围1.8 cm×1.3 cm～3.8 cm×3.3 cm,蒂宽0.4～0.7 cm、长2～5 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或局部皮瓣移位修复。结果术后供、受区皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后8例获随访,随访时间6个月～1年。皮瓣质地、弹性、色泽良好,耳廓外形良好。肿瘤患者无复发。结论耳后窄蒂皮下蒂皮瓣蒂部窄长、旋转角度大、修复范围广、不含知名血管,手术操作简便,供区隐蔽,是修复耳廓内软组织缺损的理想方法之一。     

Sandwich Vertebral Fracture in the Study of Adjacent-level Fracture After Vertebral Cement Augmentation

The literature is inconclusive on the development of adjacent-level vertebral fracture after initial cement augmentation. A preliminary hypotheses is that cement injection exaggerates force transmission to the adjacent vertebral bodies, thereby predisposing those levels to future fractures. A sandwich vertebra is an intact vertebral body located between 2 previously cemented vertebrae. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of adjacent-level fracture increased due to load shift after a cement injection procedure. The authors retrospectively investigated the rate of adjacent-level fracture after sandwiching compared with conservative treatment and determined the potential causative factors of sandwich vertebral fracture. Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, follow-up period, and location of sandwich level (T10-L2 or nonT10-L2 junction) were assessed. Surgical variables, including surgical procedure (vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty), surgical approach (through uni- or bilateral pedicle), volume of cement injected into the painful vertebrae, cement leakage into the intervertebral disk, cumulative number of treated levels, and pre- and postoperative kyphotic angulation of the sandwich region, were also analyzed. Nine of 42 sandwiched levels developed fatigue fractures, whereas 11 of 71 patients treated with conservative therapy sustained new vertebral fractures adjacent to the treated levels. Only preoperative kyphotic angulation was the variable positively associated with sandwich vertebral fracture at follow-up (P=.021). Although subjected to double load shifts, the sandwich vertebra was not prone to structural failure. Thus, cement augmentation protocol does not increase the incidence of adjacent vertebral fracture.     

Application of humanistic care to the reengineering of nursing process at maternity hospital

目的 从流程管理入手,探讨保证护理服务与人文关怀有机融合的有效途径.方法 依据卓越护理流程设计的原则、华生人文关怀理论、患者需求、患者权利,对所有直接服务于患者的护理项目中的人文关怀措施进行个性化设计,对设计后的流程试运行3个月,并在实施过程中不断征求患者的意见,定稿后进行培训和执行.结果 流程再造实施后患者对护理服务11项指标评价及舒适达标、护理质量、安全评价显著优于实施前(均P＜0.01).结论 将人文关怀融入各项护理流程再造中,有利于提高护理服务质量和患者满意度.     

椎体间纤维性融合重建兔脊柱稳定性的初步探索

目的:研究椎体间纤维性融合后脊柱节段的稳定性,探讨椎体间纤维性融合在治疗脊柱节段失稳中的可行性。方法:将18只6月龄新西兰白兔随机分为两组,均摘除L4/5椎间盘髓核,A组在椎间植入环状聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸(poly L-lactic-co-glycolic-acid,PLGA)可吸收支架;B组单纯髓核摘除。于术前、术后4周、12周行X线检查,运用Image J软件测量椎间盘高度指数(DHI)并计算其百分数(%DHI),分别于术后4周、8周、12周处死3只动物,行组织病理及免疫组化观察。结果:1只动物死亡,17只实验动物术后存活至预期时间,未补充实验动物。12周时,侧位X线片示两组椎间高度较术前均有下降,两组椎间高度的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A、B两组屈伸活动度与术前相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。X线片显示A组手术节段椎体无明显移位及反向成角,B组1只兔子出现前屈位腰椎后凸曲度增加,手术节段椎间隙变窄并邻近软骨终板钙化。细胞组织学观察:术后4周时A组见新生血管及纤维组织生成,有少量类软骨细胞出现,未观察到PLGA支架结构;B组见较多纤维细胞生成。术后8周时,A组出现软骨细胞,纤维组织排列不规则,并见少量的胶原纤维及成纤维细胞;B组纤维组织进一步增生,形成瘢痕样组织。术后12周时,A组大量的胶原纤维、软骨组织交互长入,排列杂乱无序,此时的胶原纤维较8周时增多;B组仍为纤维细胞和瘢痕组织,且Ⅰ型胶原表达高于Ⅱ型胶原。结论:椎体间植入PLGA并利用其与椎体骨髓血的诱导成骨作用短期内可以形成椎间纤维融合;短期内观察椎间纤维融合能够维持一定的脊柱节段稳定性并保留部分生理活动功能,但中远期效果有待进一步观察。     

A review of the safety and clinical utility of contrast echocardiography

There are limitations to the sensitivity and specificity of conventional two-dimensional echocardiograms in making an accurate diagnosis in certain patient populations. This led to the development of specific contrast-enhancing agents with the following characteristics: small enough to cross the pulmonary capillary bed, remain stable throughout the length of the procedure, do not dissolve in blood, and rapidly cleared from the body with low toxicity. Unfortunately, the use of contrast echocardiography has not taken off as expected. The low take-up rate among clinicians can largely be attributed to the black box warning by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2007, after the coincidental occurrence of four patient deaths and about 190 severe cardiopulmonary reactions shortly after contrast agent administration. In this article, we address the clinical safety of contrast agents, share our institution’s experience in using it and elaborate on the clinical indications of contrast echocardiography.