Recalling sexual partners: the accuracy of self-reports

Accuracy of recall of the number of sexual partners individuals had over a period of one month, three months, six months and one year was studied in a group of 285 young, single, heterosexual adults. Self-reports of the number of partners were obtained on a weekly basis and then compared with recall of behavior over longer time periods that overlapped the weekly measures. For individuals who claimed abstinence or who claimed to be monogamous, accuracy of recall was relatively high, especially at the shorter time frames. Level of education was related to accuracy for claimed abstainers, such that lower levels of education were associated with lower accuracy of recall. Accuracy rates for individuals who reported having multiple sexual partners tended to be lower and were found to be related to one's propensity to engage in casual sex.     

肾细胞癌中c-erbB-2表达及其意义

目的子研究c—erbB-2在肾细胞癌中的表达及其与临床分期、病理分型、病理分级和预后的关系。方法 应用免疫组化S-P法分别用鼠抗人c-erbB-2胞内段单克隆抗体(CB11)和鼠抗人c-erbB-2胞外段单克隆抗体(9G6．10)检测77例肾细胞癌及相应癌旁肾组织c—erbB-2蛋白表达。应用RT-PCR方法检测10例新鲜肾癌组织及癌旁正常组织c—erbB-2 mRNA的表达。透明细胞癌、颗粒细胞癌及乳头状肾细胞癌c—erbB-2的表达分别为68．2％、93．1％及75．0％。结果 77例肾癌组织CB11和9G6．10的阳性率分别为61%(47／77)和45．5%(35／77)；二者联合检测总阳性率为77．9％(60／77)。透明细胞癌、颗粒细胞癌及乳头状肾细胞癌c—erbB-2的表达分别为68．9％、92．9％及75%。RT-PCR检测新鲜肾癌组织c—erbB-2mRNA的阳性率为100％(10／10)。结论 肾癌中c—erbB-2蛋白及c—erbB-2mRNA均过表达。不同的肾癌病理类型c—erbB-2蛋白表达不同，颗粒细胞癌表达最高。c—erbB-2在肾癌的不同临床分期均过表达，说明可能在病变的早期c—erbB-2已经发生改变。c-erbB-2的表达与临床分期及肿瘤分级无明显相关性。     

SARS病毒S1蛋白重组C端片段免疫效果的实验研究

为获得纯化的重组SARS病毒S1蛋白C端 ,研究其刺激机体产生针对SARS病毒免疫应答的规律和机制 ,将编码SARS病毒S1蛋白C端 311个氨基酸残基的基因克隆 ,并在原核表达系统中表达 ,纯化获得了的重组蛋白。利用SARS患者恢复期的血清 ,对纯化的重组S1蛋白进行血清学分析。结果表明 ,本研究中克隆表达的重组蛋白序列与公布的SARS病毒S1蛋白C端的序列相同 ,其编码的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为 5 90 0 0Mr。SARS患者恢复期的血清均与重组蛋白反应 ,在5 9 0 0 0Mr处形成特异性的反应条带 ,而来自SARS流行前的正常人对照血清则不能与重组蛋白反应。在本研究中获得的重组蛋白可以为研究SARS病毒识别宿主细胞受体的过程及其机制提供条件。     

Quality Assurance of Clinical MRI Scanners Using ACR MRI Phantom: Preliminary Results

Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners play an important role in the diagnosis of diseases and management of patient treatment. Quality assurance (QA) of the clinical MRI scanners is mandatory to obtain optimal images in a modern hospital. In this report, the phantom test for the American College of Radiology (ACR) MRI accreditation is used as the essential part of the MRI QA protocols. Seven important assessments of MR image quality are included as follows: geometric accuracy, high-contrast resolution, slice thickness accuracy, slice position accuracy, image intensity uniformity, percent signal ghosting, and low-contrast object detectability. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio and central frequency are monitored as well. The MRI QA procedures were applied to four clinical MRI scanners in our institute twice within 3 months. According to the QA results, the service engineers were more efficient in solving scanners problems when the ACR phantom test was run.     

大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘颗粒的实验研究

本实验用相差显微电影、溶酶体荧光定位和透射电镜等方法,研究了大鼠离体肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬煤尘的作用,并用二氧化矽和酵母菌作实验对照。结果表明,煤尘颗粒同二氧化矽类似,经过附着,迅速以吞噬体形式被摄入胞浆,而酵母菌呈典型的伪足包围和缓幔吞噬过程。实验证明,用吖啶橙作活细胞溶酶体定位是有效的。被标记的溶酶体发出强橙色荧光。当煤粒吞噬体进入胞浆后,常被多个溶酶体接触包围,形成次级溶酶体。电镜观察提示,煤尘可引起次级溶酶体膜的损害。     

人TH基因重组腺病毒的构建及生物学活性研究

将人酪氨酸羟化酶cDNA表达盒克隆于质粒型腺病毒载体p△Elsp1A，得到重组质粒pAd－TH。随后用脂质体法将重组质粒pAd－TH和拯救型腺病毒质粒pBHG11一起共转染293细胞，通过体内同源重组生成重组腺病毒AdCMVth，THcDNA重组进入腺病毒E1区并受CMV启动子控制。采用形态学、病毒核酸酶切和PCR／RT－PCR等方法进行鉴定正确。重组腺病毒滴度达到1010pfu／ml。初步结果表明，该重组腺病毒感染MN9D细胞后可使细胞内多巴胺水平增加1倍，显示出明显的TH生物学活性。提示TH重组腺病毒AdCMVth可作为高效的基因转移载体用于帕金森氏病基因治疗。     

聚醚砜表面光固定脲酶的研究

我们利用含芳香叠氮基的光活性酯将脲酶光固定在聚醚砚（Polyether sulfone,PES）膜的表面。同时研究了紫外光辐照时间对固定化脲酶密度、固定化脲酶活性的影响，温度、PH值对自由脲酶、固定化脲酶相对活性的影响；并考察了固定化脲酶的相对活性随光活性酶浓度的变化、固定化脲酶的重复使用次数及储存稳定性等性质。结果表明，PES膜表面固定化脲酶的浓度为0.33mg/cm^2；当紫外光辐照时间为5分钟时，固定化脲酶的相对活性最高；固定化脲酶的最适Ph值和最适温度分别为7℃和50 ℃；在50℃时，连续使用12次后，固定化脲酶仍具有50%的催化活性；在4℃保存储存一个多月仍可保持80%的催化活性。     

Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症对血液粘度及血脂的影响

以２１例Ⅱ期高血压患者、２１例Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者及２０例正常人为研究对象，以全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积及血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白为指标；结果表明Ⅱ期高血压病患者全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度较正常人高，Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者亦较单纯高血压病患者进一步增高，同时其血浆甘油三酯较单纯高血压病患者增高，高密度脂蛋白降低．而血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、总胆固醇三组间无显著性差异。单纯高血压病患者与正常人组比较血脂无差异。因而认为高血压病患者的高胰岛素血症可使高血压病患者增高的血粘度进一步增高，且血粘度的增高主要是红细胞机能、代谢的改变所致。单纯高血压病患者血脂改变不明显，高血压病患者血脂的改变主要是由高胰岛素血症所致。     

骨组织工程用聚磷酸钙的结构和性能的研究

多孔聚磷酸钙（Calcium polyphosphate，CPP）生物陶瓷是一种新型的骨组织工程支架材料，国外有研究表明聚磷酸钙作为骨组织工程支架材料具有良好的生物相容性及可降解性。通过对原料煅烧过程的研究，探索了聚合度的计算方法，制备出不同聚合度的材料。通过对材料烧结温度的试验，制得了不同晶型的聚磷酸钙多孔材料。在Tris—HCl缓冲液中进行的体外降解实验表明，CPP多孔支架材料是可控降解的，不同聚合度和晶型的支架材料力学强度和降解性能不同。随着聚合度的增加，材料的力学强度增大，降解速率变小；非晶态的CPP17d就可以完全降解，7晶型的CPP25d可完全降解，β和α晶型的CPP降解缓慢，30d分别降解了大约12％和5％。因此聚磷酸钙是一种很有前途的骨组织工程支架材料，凭借其独特的无机聚合物结构及降解性能，有望实现可控速率的降解。     

Low-dose citrate continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and acid-base balance

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acid-base effect of low-dose regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: ICUs of tertiary public and private hospitals. SUBJECTS: Thirty critically ill patients with acute renal failure at risk of bleeding or with a major contraindication to heparin-CVVH and/or short filter life. METHODS: We used a commercial citrate-based fluid (11 mmol/L, sodium: 140 mmol/L, chloride: 108 mmol/L and 1 mol/L of potassium) as pre-dilution replacement fluid during CVVH. Further potassium was added according to serum potassium levels. We measured all relevant variables for acid-base analysis according to the Stewart-Figge methodology. RESULTS: Before treatment, study patients had a slight metabolic acidosis, which worsened over 6 hours of RCA-CVVH (pH from 7.39 to 7.38, p < 0.005; bicarbonate from 23.2 to 21.6 mmol/L, p < 0.0001 and base excess from -2.0 to -3.0 mEq/L, p < 0.0001) due to a significant increase in SIG (from 5.8 to 6.6 mEq/L, p < 0.05) and a decrease in SIDa (from 37.5 to 36.6 mEq/L, p < 0.05). These acidifying effects were attenuated by hypoalbuminemia and a decrease in lactate (from 1.48 to 1.34 mmol/L, p < 0.005) and did not lead to progressive acidosis. On cessation of treatment, this acidifying effect rapidly self-corrected within six hours. CONCLUSIONS: Low dose RCA-CVVH induces a mild acidosis secondary to an increased strong ion gap and decreased SIDa which fully self-corrects at cessation of therapy. Clinicians need to be aware of these effects to correctly interpret changes in acid-base status in such patients.