Marginal adaptation to enamel of a polyacid-modified resin composite (compomer) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in vivo

Recently, new restoratives, such as resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified resin composites (PMC) were introduced for class III and class V cavities. Both materials use simplified cavity conditioning methods. The well-established treatment of enamel with phosphoric acid has been replaced with treatment using weaker acids. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the quality and durability of the marginal bond to enamel of these restorative system and compare it with a resin composite restorative. Seventeen patients received class III restorations of each of the three restoratives. At baseline and after 1 year replica impressions were made for investigation of the vestibular margins with the scanning electron microscope. Semi-quantitative analysis of the enamel-restorative interfaces was performed at ×200 and ×1000 magnifications. The three restorative systems showed good marginal adaptation and high percentages of the length of the margins investigated at baseline were gap-free (82% – 92%). The resin composite showed significantly better adaptation than the other materials. The marginal quality decreased significantly after 1 year for the resin composite and the polyacid-modified resin composite. The RMGIC showed improved sealing after 1 year in vivo, probably due to continuing water uptake. The percentages of gap-free margins of the total marginal length observed at 1 year were 73%, 90%, and 84%, respectively, for the PMC, the RMGIC and the resin composite. The difference between the PMC and the RMGIC was significant. In conclusion, a good marginal quality was seen for all three restorative systems in class III cavities after a period of 1 year. Received: 9 June 1997 / Accepted: 8 September 1997     

伍以活血化瘀法为主中药治疗脑挫裂伤

目的 探索在西医治疗基础上配合以活血化瘀法为主中药治疗急性期脑挫裂伤的临床效果.方法 将87例脑挫裂伤患者按随机原则分为中药治疗组(46例)和西药治疗对照组(41例).对照组给予常规西药治疗;中药组在西医治疗基础上辨证给予中药治疗.分别于治疗后5d和10d及3个月观察两组患者的治疗效果.结果 治疗5d后中药组清醒28例,昏迷13例,死亡5例,对照组分别为10、25、6例;治疗10d后中药组清醒31例,昏迷9例,死亡6例,对照组分别为17、17、7例;两组清醒和昏迷例数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).治疗3个月后,中药组恢复良好26例,轻残10例,重残4例,死亡6例,对照组分别为10、22、2、7例,两组恢复良好、轻残例数比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 在西医治疗的基础上配合以活血化瘀法为主中药治疗急性期脑挫裂伤,对促进患者清醒、降低致残率有明显疗效.     

Early detection and counselling intervention of asthma symptoms in preschool children: study design of a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background  

Prevention of childhood asthma is an important public health objective. This study evaluates the effectiveness of early detection of preschool children with asthma symptoms, followed by a counselling intervention at preventive child health centres. Early detection and counselling is expected to reduce the prevalence of asthma symptoms and improve health-related quality of life at age 6 years.     

Fetal and Childhood Growth Patterns Associated with Bone Mass in School‐Age Children: The Generation R Study

Low birth weight is associated with lower bone accrual in children and peak bone mass in adults. We assessed how different patterns of longitudinal fetal and early childhood growth influence bone properties at school age. In 5431 children participating in a population‐based prospective cohort study, we measured fetal growth by ultrasound at 20 and 30 weeks gestation, and childhood growth at birth, 1, 2, 3, and 4 years of age. We analyzed these growth measurements in relation to total body (less head) BMD measured by DXA at age 6. We used conditional growth modeling; a technique which takes into account correlation between repeatedly measured growth measures. Our results showed that estimated fetal weight gain, femur length growth between 20 and 30 weeks of gestation, femur length growth between 30 weeks and birth, as well as all height and weight growth measurements from birth to 4 years of age were all positively associated with BMC, bone area (BA), and BMD (all p < 0.01). Fetal femur length growth between 30 weeks and birth was positively associated with BMC and BA (both p < 0.001), but not with BMD. Overall, childhood growth measurements exerted a larger influence on bone measures than fetal growth measures. The strongest effect estimate was observed during the first year of life. Children born small (<10th percentile) for gestational age (SGA) had lower BMC and BA, but not BMD, than children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), whereas children born large (>90th percentile) for gestational age (LGA) had higher BMC and BA (all p < 0.001). These differences were no longer present in children showing subsequent accelerated and decelerated infant growth, respectively. We conclude that both fetal and childhood growth patterns are associated with bone mineral accrual, showing the strongest effect estimates in infancy . Compensatory infant growth counteracts the adverse consequences of fetal growth restriction on bone development. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

扶正中药联合化疗对Ⅲ-Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者生存期影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价扶正中药联合化疗对III-IV期结直肠癌患者生存期的影响。方法:计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库,收集扶正中药联合化疗与单用化疗比较对III-IV期结直肠癌患者生存期影响的随机对照试验。对资料进行质量评价,用Rev Man 5.2进行Meta分析。结果:共检索到符合纳入标准的中文文献10篇867例患者。文献质量Jadad评分结果显示4篇文献为3分,6篇文献为2分。Meta分析:一年生存率OR3.10,95%[2.10,4.57],P<0.0001;两年生存率OR 2.38,95%[1.53,3.70],P=0.0001;三年生存率OR2.32,95%[1.35,3.98],P=0.002;差异具有统计学意义。四年、五年生存率差异无统计学意义。结论:扶正中药联合化疗在延长结直肠癌患者生存期与单纯化疗相比有一定的优势。受纳入文献的方法学质量和样本量限制,上述结论尚待开展更多大样本、高质量研究予以证实。     

Type 2 diabetes gene TCF7L2 polymorphism is not associated with fetal and postnatal growth in two birth cohort studies

Background  

An inverse association between birth weight and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood has been reported. This association may be explained by common genetic variants related to insulin secretion and resistance, since insulin is the most important growth factor in fetal life. The objective of this study was to examine whether T2D gene polymorphism TCF7L2 rs7903146 is associated with growth patterns from fetal life until infancy.     

Residential traffic exposure and pregnancy-related outcomes: a prospective birth cohort study

Background  

The effects of ambient air pollution on pregnancy outcomes are under debate. Previous studies have used different air pollution exposure assessment methods. The considerable traffic-related intra-urban spatial variation needs to be considered in exposure assessment. Residential proximity to traffic is a proxy for traffic-related exposures that takes into account within-city contrasts.     

Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms do not affect growth in fetal and early postnatal life. The Generation R Study

Background  

Glucocorticoids have an important role in early growth and development. Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms have been identified that contribute to the variability in glucocorticoid sensitivity. We examined whether these glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with growth in fetal and early postnatal life.     

Transfusion of donor buffy coat cells in the treatment of persistent or recurrent malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

BACKGROUND: Patients who experience relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation have a poor prognosis. However, preclinical and clinical data have strongly suggested the existence of an immune- mediated anti-tumor effect of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This effect, termed graft-versus-leukemia, may be harnessed purposefully in patients with posttransplant relapses by the administration of immune cells obtained by leukapheresis of the original bone marrow donor. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with persistent or recurrent hematologic malignancy after HLA-matched sibling-donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were treated with transfusion of buffy coat cells collected from the original bone marrow donors. Mononuclear cell dose ranged from 1.18 to 4.28 × 10(8) per kg. Alpha-interferon (1.5-3 × 10(6) U/m2 3-5x/week) was given to seven patients. Patients were observed for the development of graft-versus- host disease and disease response. RESULTS: Three of five patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia had complete remissions. One of five patients with active acute leukemia attained complete remission. A sixth acute leukemia patient treated with buffy coat transfusion after the induction of remission with chemotherapy relapsed 12 months later. One patient with myeloma had a complete but transient response. A patient with Hodgkin's disease did not respond. Four patients remain in remission 4, 16, 17, and 29 months after attaining complete remission. Graft-versus-host disease occurred in eight patients, including all of those with a complete response. One patient developed transient pancytopenia. CONCLUSION: The transfusion of donor buffy coat cells has significant anti-tumor activity in patients with relapsed hematologic malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. This effect is strongly associated with graft-versus-host disease.