经瞳孔温热疗法治疗高度近视性脉络膜新生血管

目的通过分析经瞳孔温热疗法（TTT）治疗高度近视性脉络膜新生血管（CNV）的临床特点和不同影像学表现,以评估TTT疗法对治疗高度近视性CNV的安全性的适应范围。方法荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）确诊的高度近视性CNV患者24例（25只眼）,采用810nm半导体激光治疗。其中典型性CNV者17只眼,隐匿性CNV者6只眼,混合性（微小典型性）CNV者2只眼。按CNV发病部位分为旁中心凹（中心凹外200～500μm）CNV者10只眼,黄斑区（中心凹50μm外血管弓内）CNV者15只眼。治疗后1个月开始随访,治疗次数1～3次,随访时间6～22个月不等,平均9.6个月,随访时检查视力及眼底,并通过光相干断层扫描（OCT）和FFA观察眼底出血和渗出吸收的情况以及CNV的闭合情况。结果同治疗前相比,末次随访时视力不变或提高的患眼为65%,视力较治疗前减退的患眼为35%。TTT治疗后1、3个月和末次随访时,OCT观察的黄斑区渗液较治疗前减少者分别占44%、52%、50%。治疗前、治疗后3个月、末次随访时,黄斑体积分别为（6.88±0.21）mm3、（6.81±0.27）mm3、（6.73±0.29）mm3,但统计学分析无显著差异。末次随访时CNV的FFA检查显示在隐匿性、典型性和微小典型性CNV闭合率分别为100%、56.25%和100%,仅4只眼荧光渗漏增加,均为典型性。结论TTT治疗高度近性视脉络膜CNV有良好的安全性和较好疗效。对隐匿性CNV的疗效可能优于典型性和微小典型性。     

Bicarbonate versus citrate in oral rehydration therapy in infants with watery diarrhea: a controlled clinical trial

In a double-blind, randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of bicarbonate-containing oral rehydration solution vs citrate-containing solution in the treatment of infantile diarrheal dehydration and acidosis. Ninety-seven infants 3 to 24 months of age were entered in the study; 49 received bicarbonate-containing solution and 48 citrate-containing solution. The two groups were similar in all respects at the beginning of the study. Oral rehydration was successful (i.e., no intravenously administered fluids were required) in 85% of study patients; the success rate was similar in both treatment groups. Serum total CO2 concentration increased in a similar fashion in both groups, reaching near normal values at 48 hours after admission. We conclude that sodium citrate can be substituted for sodium bicarbonate in the formulation of the orally administered rehydration solution recommended by the World Health Organization for treatment of diarrheal dehydration in infants.     

计算机图像处理技术对声门图像参数的检测及临床意义

目的：探讨计算机图像处理技术测量正常和病理状态下的声门图像参数及其临床意义,方法：用该技术测量６０例正常成人,６０例声带息肉和４０例单侧声带麻痹患者的声门图像参数,并进行统计分析,结果：正常人声门最小面积〉０,且女性的相对值大于男性,绝对值相近;声门最大面积的相对值两性相近,绝对值则是男性大于女性,声带息肉患者较正常人声门最小面积增大,声带麻痹患者声门最小面积增大,最大面积减小,结论：将该技术结合喉镜检查,可对喉部图像进行定量分析,淡声带息肉和声带麻痹患者的诊治提供更客观、更精确的依据。     

Cornuside Is a Potential Agent against Alzheimer’s Disease via Orchestration of Reactive Astrocytes

Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, with the activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroprotection. In the present research, a triple-transgenic mice model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) was used to explore the beneficial actions and potential mechanism of cornuside on the memory deficits. We found that cornuside prominently alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced amyloid plaque pathology, inhibited Tau phosphorylation, and repaired synaptic damage. Additionally, cornuside lowered the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Cornuside also significantly reduced the activation of astrocytes and modulated A1/A2 phenotypes by the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. We further confirmed that LY294002 and Nrf2 silencing could block the cornuside-mediated phenotypic switch of C6 cells induced by microglia conditioned medium (MCM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which indicated that the effects of cornuside in astrocyte activation are dependent on AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, cornuside may regulate the phenotypic conversion of astrocytes, inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, and alleviate cognitive impairment in mice through the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Our present work provides an experimental foundation for further research and development of cornuside as a candidate drug for AD management.     

变应性鼻炎诊疗现状调查

目的 变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是鼻科常见病之一,但患者的就诊率不高,部分患者对疗效不满意,表明临床诊疗过程中存在亟待改进的问题.本研究针对中国部分大中城市的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师进行AR诊疗现状调查,通过剖析存在的问题,为提高临床诊疗水平提供参考.方法 采用问卷调查方式在全国13个省或自治区(63个市)和4个直辖市,针对508名耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师,调查AR患者门诊状况、诊断状况和治疗状况.结果 AR患者占全部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊患者的比例平均为19%±14%,占全部鼻腔鼻窦疾病门诊患者的35%±17%.既往使用过鼻用糖皮质激素或H1受体拮抗剂等抗过敏药物的患者为42%±26%.可进行皮肤点刺试验和血清特异性IgE检查的医师比例分别为74%和20%.仅依据患者症状和体征诊断,不进行皮肤点刺试验和血清特异性IgE检查等临床检测的比例为6l%±29%,而综合病史和皮肤点刺试验或血清学检测的诊断比例为35%±28%.从医师治疗成人AR患者的药物处方比例来看,鼻用糖皮质激素平均为70%4-27%,口服和鼻用H1受体拮抗剂分别为49%±32%和36%±28%.过敏原特异性皮下免疫治疗占23%4±26%,口服白三烯受体拮抗剂和鼻用色甘酸钠分别为18%±22%和16%±22%.重视复诊随访患者所占比例平均为24%±17%,对复诊和随访重视程度一般的患者所占比例为35%4±19%,而几乎不复诊随访的患者所占比例为39%±24%.结论 AR已成为我国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊患者求诊的主要疾病,但无论是患者对疾病的整体认识,还是专科医师的整体诊治水平,均需要在现有基础上尽快提高.     

Lung contusion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for pancreatic stones: A case report

Background:Pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (P-ESWL) is recommended as the first-line treatment for large pancreatic stones. While complications such as post-P-ESWL pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, steinstrasse, and perforation have been reported in the past 30 years, lung contusion has never been reported. The present case demonstrates lung contusion as a complication after P-ESWL.Methods:A 48-year-old man was admitted to our department due to painful chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct stones. Computed tomography revealed normal lungs. P-ESWL was performed. The shock wave head contacted with right upper quadrant and the path of shock wave was at a 45° angle to the ventral midline. After P-ESWL, multiple patchy high-density shadows in the lower lobe of right lung were found, which was normal before P-ESWL. The patient had no symptoms of lung injury.Results and Conclusion:Laboratory studies revealed elevated D-dimer from 0.33 to 0.74 ug/mL, which was consistent with abnormal clotting of lung contusion. Chest computed tomography showed slight pleural effusion. Considering the interval between 2 X-rays was only 3 hours, we inferred that lung contusion was related to P-ESWL. The patient displayed stable vital signs, therefore, no specific interventions were conducted. Three days after P-ESWL, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed and the lung shadows were partially absorbed. Considering the location of shock wave head, it was possible to cause lung contusion in lower lobe of right lung. More than 10,000 P-ESWL therapeutic sessions had been performed in our center since 2010, and it is the first case about lung contusion as a complication. It is also the first report to describe lung contusion after P-ESWL. Although the patient was asymptomatic, it should raise awareness of clinicians.     

1007型THUMPER心肺复苏机临床应用分析

目的观察1007型THUMPER心肺复苏机抢救心跳呼吸骤停患者的疗效,为1007型THUMPER心肺复苏机在抢救心跳呼吸骤停中的应用提供客观临床证据。方法治疗组56例患者使用1007型THUMPER心肺复苏机,对照组53例患者采用徒手心肺复苏为人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压,2组患者均同时使用电除颤及药物治疗。结果与对照组比较,心肺复苏机(cardiaopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)能明显提高复苏成功率(P<0.05)、减少并发症(P<0.05),有利于稳定患者生命体征,但对患者的预后没有明显影响(P>0.05)。结论1007型THUMPER心肺复苏机临床应用疗效要好于徒手心肺复苏,值得临床推广。     

磺胺嘧啶银联合阿昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹的研究

目的:探讨应用磺胺嘧啶银和阿昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹的疗效。方法:118例病人随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组应用磺胺嘧啶银外涂创面,静滴阿昔洛韦进行治疗;对照组外用复方炉甘石洗剂、静滴阿昔洛韦治疗。通过观察16d后的病人情况和创面全部愈合时间、疼痛明显减轻时间、出现瘢痕例数、细菌培养阳性例数、色素沉着发生例数等指标,进行统计学处理,比较两组的治疗效果。结果:治疗组痊愈39例(67.2%),显效16例(27.6%),无效3例(5.2%),总有效率94.8%。对照组痊愈25例(41.7%),显效16例(27.6%),无效14例(23.3%),总有效率76.7%。经统计学处理uc=3.147,P<0.01,两组病例总有效率比较有显著性差异。结论:应用磺胺嘧啶银联和阿昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹有较好的临床效果。     

聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的临床研究

目的:观察聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣的疗效。方法:将符合入选标准的94例患者随机分两组,治疗组清洁局部后将聚维酮碘乳膏涂敷于患处,bid。对照组予派瑞松霜按照药品说明书使用。两组均疗程3周。对痊愈者随访半年。结果:临床治愈率治疗组64.44%,两组比较U=2.883,P<0.01;有效率治疗组93.33%,两组比较X2=7.866,P<0.01;真菌清除率治疗组94.77%,两组比较X2=0.679,P=0.372;不良反应率治疗组4.44%,两组比较X2=4.0226,P=0.0432;随访半年痊愈者复发率治疗组6.89%(2/29),两组比较X2=3.9455,P=0.0421。结论:聚维酮碘乳膏治疗足癣安全有效。     

以学科教学知识能力促进中医院校教师专业发展

从学科教学知识能力（Pedagogical content knowledge,PCK）的基本概念出发,以开展PCK提升的外部环境、促进教师自主发展和教学观念转变、教师发展价值取向改变等维度阐述PCK对中医院校教师专业发展的重要性,并从高等中医药教育的教师专业发展实际需求出发提出相应的对策。