酵母菌生物合成谷胱甘肽

从3091株酵母菌中筛选出一株Candida sp K₁₁,在加有半胱氨酸的培养基中培养的菌体,每克干细胞含18mg谷胱甘肽(GSH)。以K₁₁为出发株,经紫外线诱变,在GSH代谢类似物乙硫氨酸平板上选得抗代谢类似物突变株K₁₁UE126,其胞内累积GSH的量较出发株高出49.7%,且在其培养基中不必加入半胱氨酸。     

Continuous infusion of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin IgG-RFB4-SMPT-dgA in patients with B-cell lymphoma: a phase I study

IgG-RFB4-SMPT-dgA consists of deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgA) coupled to the monoclonal antihuman CD22 antibody, RFB4. This study determined the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of this immunotoxin (IT) administered as a continuous 8-day infusion to 18 patients with B-cell lymphoma (30% CD22+ tumor cells) over 8 days. The MTD was 19.2 mg/m2/192 h (maximum toxicity grade 1), with vascular leak syndrome (VLS) as dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) at 28.8 mg/m2/192 h (grades 3 through 5 in 7 of 11 patients). Predictors of severe VLS included serum IT concentrations greater than 1,000 ng/mL and the absence of circulating tumor cells. Decreased urine sodium excreted in 24 hours provided evidence for mild VLS without notable changes in serum albumin. Four partial responses, 3 minor responses, 6 stable disease, and 3 progression of disease were observed. The mean maximal serum concentration (Cmax) in initial courses at the MTD (19.2 mg/m2) was 443 +/- 144 ng/mL (n = 3; range, 326 to 604). At 28.8 mg/m2/192 h, the Cmax was highly variable (n = 11; mean, 1,102 +/- 702; range, 9.6 to 2,032 ng/mL). Human antimouse or antiricin antibodies developed in 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients after one course of IT. However, 10 eligible patients received multiple courses of IT. Changes in serum cytokines and cytokine receptors did not correlate with toxicity but decreased soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentrations correlated with clinical response. Comparison to a prior study with the same IT administered by intermittent bolus infusions (Amlot et al, Blood 82:2624, 1993) suggests similar clinical response, toxicity, and immunogenicity.     

Ureteral jets in healthy subjects and in patients with unilateral ureteral calculi: comparison with color Doppler US

Color Doppler ultrasound was used to image the ureteral jets in 17 healthy subjects and 26 patients with ureteral calculi proved with intravenous urography. In patients with ureteral calculi, three patterns of ureteral jets were seen: no detectable urine flow from the symptomatic side (12 patients), low-level continuous flow from the symptomatic side (four patients), and periodic ureteral jets on the symptomatic side that were not significantly different from ureteral jets of healthy subjects (10 patients). Of the 12 patients with high-grade obstruction on urograms, 11 had ureteral jets significantly different from those of healthy subjects (either no detectable ureteral jets or continuous low-level jets on the symptomatic side). Only three of the 11 patients with low-grade obstruction or nonobstructing stones had ureteral jets that were different from those of healthy subjects. It is concluded that analysis of ureteral jets with color Doppler can enable detection and qualitative determination of the degree of ureteral obstruction in many patients with unilateral ureteral calculi.     

Perivascular color artifact: pathologic significance and appearance on color Doppler US images

A distinctive type of artifactual extravascular assignment of color was identified in 49 color Doppler ultrasound (US) examinations in 43 patients. This artifact appeared as a random localized mixture of red and blue assigned to perivascular soft tissues; the artifact varied with the cardiac cycle, being most prominent in systole and absent or less prominent in diastole. The artifact was seen in 26 patients (32 examinations) at an anastomotic site or stenotic lesion associated with surgically created arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis. It was also observed in ten patients with accidental iatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas (renal transplant [n = 6], femoral artery [n = 3], and iliac artery [n = 1]), five with stenotic arteries not associated with arteriovenous fistulas, and two with arterial aneurysms. The authors believe this artifact reflects perivascular tissue vibration caused by turbulent intravascular blood flow. If properly recognized and accurately interpreted, the artifact can be a valuable color Doppler US sign of underlying vascular abnormality.     

Long-term central venous access with a peripherally placed subcutaneous infusion port: initial results

A new subcutaneous infusion port and catheter system for long-term central venous access, designed to be implanted in the interventional radiology suite, was evaluated. In 35 patients, a 5-F polyurethane catheter was placed in the superior vena cava via the axillary or brachial venous approach under fluoroscopic guidance. A 2.5 X 2.5-cm2 subcutaneous pocket was dissected for the port. The port was then connected to the catheter, and the incision was closed. Ports have been implanted for a total of 5,290 patient days (5-307 days for an individual patient). Blood transfusion, bolus drug administrations, and 5-day outpatient chemotherapy infusions were successful in all attempts. Blood sampling was successful in 98.9% of attempts. No infectious or thrombotic complications were encountered. Acceptance of this device by patients and nursing staff has been excellent. The initial results indicate that this peripherally placed port is a viable alternative for patients requiring long-term central venous access.     

四川江油附子生物碱成分的研究

从四川江油附子(Aconitum carmichaeli Debx)中分得六个化合物。经理化常数测定和光谱分析证明,化合物V为新化合物,命名为新江油乌头碱(neojiangyouaconitine)。其余为已知物,分别鉴定为尿嘧啶(Ⅰ),华北乌头碱(Ⅱ),黄草乌头碱(Ⅲ),尼奥灵(Ⅳ),附子亭(Ⅵ)。     

马缨丹根的三萜成分研究

从马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)根中分离到八个三萜成分,通过光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS)分析和理化常数测定,分别鉴定为lantanolic acid(Ⅰ),22β-O-angeloyl-lantanolic acid(Ⅱ),oleanolic acid(Ⅲ),22βO-angeloyt-oleanolic acid(Ⅳ),22β-O-senecioyl-oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),22β-hydroxy-oleanolic acid(Ⅵ),19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅶ),3β-isovaleroyl-19α-hydroxyursolic acid(Ⅷ)。Ⅱ系首次从植物中分离到。Ⅷ是新化合物,命名为lantaiursolic acid。     

Translumbar inferior vena cava catheters: safety and efficacy in peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Most patients who need peripheral blood stem cell transplantation do not have peripheral venous access that would allow apheresis for stem cell collection. Subclavian apheresis catheters have an unacceptably high incidence of thrombosis-related access failure. A technique has been developed for translumbar placement of permanent, subcutaneously tunneled, silicone rubber apheresis catheters into the inferior vena cava, and 40 of these catheters have been placed in 36 patients for stem cell collection. Twenty-six catheters have been left in place for venous access during the transplantation procedure. These catheters had a very low rate (2.3%) of apheresis-related related complications. Access failure was attributed to thrombosis in 10 catheters (25%) and to mechanical complications in another 9 (22%), but access was regained in all but 4 of these cases. The catheters functioned well as venous access devices during transplantation, only rarely developing complications during that time. Venograms performed at the time of removal of 16 catheters showed no case of caval occlusion. A residual fibrin sheath was found around 14 catheters. There was no clinical or computed tomographic scan evidence of bleeding after placement or removal of the catheters. Percutaneously placed, translumbar inferior vena cava apheresis catheters provide a safe and effective route for the collection of peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation, and they can be left in place for venous access during transplantation.     

Bone mineral content in early-postmenopausal and postmenopausal osteoporotic women: comparison of measurement methods

To investigate associations among methods for noninvasive measurement of skeletal bone mass, we studied 40 healthy early postmenopausal women and 68 older postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods included single- and dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the lumbar spine, single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) of the distal third of the radius, and combined cortical thickness (CCT) of the second metacarpal shaft. Lateral thoracolumbar radiography was performed, and a spinal fracture index was calculated. There was good correlation between QCT and DPA methods in early postmenopausal women and modest correlation in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Correlations between spinal measurements (QCT or DPA) and appendicular cortical measurements (SPA or CCT) were modest in healthy women and poor in osteoporotic women. Measurements resulting from one method are not predictive of those by another method for the individual patient. The strongest correlation with severity of vertebral fracture is provided by QCT; the weakest, by SPA. There was a high correlation between single- and dual-energy QCT results, indicating that errors due to vertebral fat are not substantial in these postmenopausal women. Single-energy QCT may be adequate and perhaps preferable for assessing postmenopausal women. The measurement of spinal trabecular bone density by QCT discriminates between osteoporotic women and younger healthy women with more sensitivity than measurements of spinal integral bone by DPA or of appendicular cortical bone by SPA or CCT.