50例住院伤残荣誉军人SAS、SDS问卷调查

目的探讨住院伤残荣誉军人的焦虑、抑郁情绪.方法应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行测查.结果住院伤残荣誉军人SAS均分、SDS均分明显高于常模,二者差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),不同残疾等级间SAS、均分、SDS均分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄间SDS均分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),SAS均分差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论住院伤残荣誉军人存在较严重的心理卫生问题.     

Unique interactions of asialo von Willebrand factor with platelets in platelet-type von Willebrand disease

The present studies demonstrate that platelets from patients with platelet-type von Willebrand disease show specific and saturable binding of asialo von Willebrand factor (AS-vWF) under conditions where such binding is not observed with normal platelets. Although specific binding of 125I-AS-vWF to formalin-fixed normal platelets could not be demonstrated, specific binding to fixed patient platelets was seen with an apparent Kd of 1.3 micrograms/mL and specific maximally bound ligand of 0.40 micrograms/10(8) platelets. Preincubation of patient platelets with the antiglycoprotein Ib (anti-GPIb) monoclonal antibody AS-2 reduced total binding close to the level of computer-estimated nonspecific binding. In contrast, binding was not reduced by preincubation with anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody or with 5 mmol/L EDTA. Under stirring conditions, the binding of AS-vWF to fixed patient platelets was accompanied by a strong agglutination response. AS-vWF- induced agglutination was similarly observed in patient but not normal platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of 5 mmol/L EDTA. In the absence of EDTA, AS-vWF produced a full aggregation response in patient PRP at concentrations as low as 0.1 microgram/mL in contrast to the 2 to 20 micrograms/mL required by normal PRP. Both thromboxane B2 formation and adenosine triphosphate secretion showed an AS-vWF concentration dependence paralleling the aggregation responses. These studies show that a major difference in the platelets from patients with platelet-type von Willebrand disease is the presence of an exposed, high-affinity binding site associated with GPIb that recognizes AS-vWF.     

Pivotal role of the B7:CD28 pathway in transplantation tolerance and tumor immunity

The above story illustrates the translation of basic scientific discoveries to the clinic. In vitro and preclinical in vivo experimentation suggests that modulation of the B7:CD28 pathway will result in either amplification or suppression of the immune response. Considering the frequency with which diseases characterized by either inadequate or dysregulated immune function present to the practicing hematologist or oncologist, it is not difficult to envisage clinical applications for reagents that modulate this pathway. However, we still have much to learn about the function and clinical potential of this and other potentially redundant costimulatory pathways and therefore we suspect that this story will become considerably more complex over the next few years.     

Artificial microvascular graft thrombosis: the consequences of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib inhibition and thrombin inhibition

Early thrombosis of artificial microvascular grafts (AMG, grafts < or = 2 mm internal diameter) prevents their reliable clinical use. The present studies were undertaken to examine the effect of hirudin, a thrombin-specific inhibitor, and of the F(ab')2 fragment of PG-1, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) directed against guinea pig platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GPIb), on AMG patency in an animal model. One- centimeter long segments of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), 0.88 mm internal diameter, were serially implanted as interposition grafts in the guinea pig femoral arterial systems bilaterally. A control group was treated with 0.5 mL saline intravenously (IV) 30 minutes before limb 1 and limb 2 graft implantation. Three experimental groups were treated with 0.5 mL saline IV before limb 1 graft implantation as an animal control and with either 0.5 mL saline containing 1.25 mg/kg IV PG-1 F(ab')2, (which inhibits ristocetin- induced platelet agglutination and von Willebrand factor binding), hirudin 1 mg/kg IV, or a combination of both agents before limb 2 graft implantation. GPIb inhibition, thrombin inhibition, and the combination resulted in a significant prolongation of AMG patency (P < .005). Whereas thrombin inhibition with hirudin prolonged AMG patency similar to that observed with GPIb inhibition, the combination of GPIb and thrombin inhibition provided the overall longest prolongation of AMG patency. These results indicate that both platelet membrane GPIb and thrombin play a role in AMG thrombosis.     

9-cis retinoic acid induces complete remission but does not reverse clinically acquired retinoid resistance in acute promyelocytic leukemia

9-cis retinoic acid (RA) is a high-affinity ligand for both retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid "X" receptors (RXRs). Although all- trans RA does not bind to RXRs, RAR/RXR heterodimers or RXR/RXR homodimers bind to specific DNA response elements and modulate proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant cells. Because the development of clinical resistance to all-trans RA has been associated with a progressive decrease in plasma drug concentrations, we evaluated the ability of 9-cis RA to induce in vitro cytodifferentiation in subclones of a retinoid-sensitive and resistant APL cell line (NB4) and in short-term cultures of fresh leukemic cells aspirated from patients. We also evaluated the clinical activity and pharmacokinetics of 9-cis RA (LGD 1057) in patients with APL who were previously treated with all-trans RA. In vitro tests of both retinoid- sensitive NB4 cells, as well as samples of fresh cells from 11 patients with APL, showed relatively equivalent degrees of sensitivity to both 9- cis RA and all-trans RA at concentrations ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-8) mol/L; however, no substantial cytodifferentiation was observed using either drug alone or in combination (10(-6) mol/L of each) in retinoid- resistant NB4 cells. Seven patients with APL who had previously relapsed from a remission induced by all-trans RA were treated with 9- cis RA at daily oral doses ranging from 30 to 230 mg/m2. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the mean terminal plasma half-life of 9-cis RA (1.3 hours) changed very little after several weeks of dosing, although the mean change per dose level in area under the plasma concentration x time curves and peak plasma concentrations showed a decrease by 49% and 45%, respectively. Peak plasma concentrations equaled or exceeded concentrations that were effective against retinoid-sensitive cells in vitro. Despite these favorable pharmacokinetic results, only one of the seven patients achieved complete remission, corroborating in vitro studies of blasts from three of the nonresponders that showed a relatively equivalent degree of resistance to both retinoids. Our results suggest that while 9-cis RA may not induce its own catabolism to the same degree as all-trans RA, this feature does not appear to overcome clinically acquired resistance to all-trans RA in APL. Nonetheless, the drug can induce complete remissions in patients with APL and may be useful for extended therapy in other diseases. Future studies should address the use of lower doses in patients who have not previously received retinoid therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Salazopyrin in the treatment of scleroderma

Following reports of successful treatment of various forms of scleroderma with salazopyrin, 13 selected patients were treated, 8 with acrosclerosis, one with sclerodermatomyositis and four with generalized morphoea. No effect was observed except in two cases of generalized morphoea which were in the acute stage of spreading to involve most of body surface. These two were more or less cured. This observation seems to warrant further trials with salazopyrin in this rare but serious form of scleroderma.     

胃癌患者外周血中CK-19的表达及其临床意义

目的检测胃癌患者外周血中CK－19和MUC－1的表达,确定其作为早期胃癌微转移分子标志物的可能性;讨论CK—19mRNA对早期胃癌微转移的临床诊断意义。方法研究对象共分为三组,其中2009年3月～2012年3月期间于陕西省安康市中心医院住院的96例初治胃癌患者作为实验组．30例胃良性疾病患者和30例健康人的外周血分别作为对照组。采用RT—PCR法检测实验组及对照组的外周血中CK－19tuRNA及MUC～1mRNA的表达情况并评估目的基闪的表达与临床特征的相关性,对结果进行统计学分析．选取也合适的标本进行PT－QPCR实验。RT—QPCR法检测44例早期胃癌患者外周血中CK－19mRNA的表达量,通过绘制ROC曲线．探索诊断效果最好的临界值并计算AUC。结果①实验组和埘照组中CK－19mRNA阳性表达牢分别为53．13％（51／96）、1．67％（1／60）．差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且胃癌组中CK－19mRNA的阳件表达与肿瘤分期和和分化程度有关;胃癌组和对照组中MUC－1mRNA阳性表达率分别为61．46％（59／96）、51．67％（31／60）,差异无统计‘学意义（P〉0．05）。②本实验结果统计的临界值为0．2358,灵敏度为95．45％,准确度为77．37％;AUC为0．897。结论RT—QPCR法检测外周血中的CK－19mRNA,适合作为诊断早期胃癌微转移的重要参考指标。