替硝唑软膏的研制与临床应用

目的:研究替硝唑软膏,并应用于临床。方法:参照同类制剂,确定最优组方和制备方法,采用紫外分光光度法测定含量,用比较法进行临床疗效观察。结果:制剂制备简单,含量测定方法简便,结果可靠,经临床应用牙周炎、牙龈炎患者62例,总有效率95.3％。结论:本品是治疗牙周炎、牙龈炎的理想制剂,值得推广应用。     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅰ.北方主产的七种麻黄

据文献记载和作者的调查,我国产麻黄属(Ephedra)植物共有13种3变种1变型。本文报道我国北方生产的7种麻黄生药形态组织学比较研究结果。7种麻黄是:草麻黄Ephedra sinica Stapf、木贼麻黄E.equisetina Bunge、中麻黄E.intermedia Schrenk ex Mey.、膜果麻黄E.przewalskii Stapf,单子麻黄E.monosperma Gmel.ex Mey.、雌雄麻黄E.fedtschenkoae Pauls和细子麻黄E.reaeliana Florin。文中附有生药性状与组织构造特征比较表及生药组织图     

Anatomy of the proximal femur as seen with three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being applied successfully to the study of the musculoskeletal system with notable recent advances, including the use of three-dimensional imaging techniques. The authors introduce three-dimensional MRI as a technique for examining proximal femoral anatomy and suggest its use as an improvement on current methods for prosthetic hip design. The proximal femurs of 14 cadavers were scanned using a three-dimensional FISP technique and the images were subsequently manipulated on a three-dimensional MRI image-processing workstation to produce rotated surface reconstructions and multiplanar reformatted images. The surface rotations showed that the marrow cavity contours closely follow the contours of the external cortex. Axially reformatted images allowed relative area measurements of the marrow cavity, quantifying the variability between subjects.     

乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物-细胞复合体移植治疗脊髓损伤

目的:观察神经干细胞、许旺细胞和组织工程支架材料乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物于大鼠髓内共移植后的生物相容性,及其对大鼠损伤脊髓形态和功能的修复作用。方法:实验于2005-05/2006-09在首都医科大学附属北京市神经外科研究所损伤修复实验室完成。①实验材料:健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠36只,随机数字表法分为单纯支架组、神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组,12只/组。乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物由中科院化学研究所医用高分子材料中心提供。②实验方法:各组大鼠均建立脊髓T9半横断损伤模型。神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组取2×1010L-1的许旺细胞、神经干细胞各10μL接种于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,神经干细胞 支架复合体组取2×1010L-1的神经干细胞10μL接种于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,单纯支架组取10μLDMEM培养液置于乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架内,于脊髓缺损处分别植入对应的复合物。③实验评估:应用电镜观察乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物支架的降解及轴突的再生状况;应用BBB评分和电生理技术检测大鼠脊髓功能性的恢复情况。结果:36只Wistar大鼠均进入结果分析。①行为学观察结果:移植术后4,12周,神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组大鼠的后肢运动功能BBB评分均好于单纯支架组(P<0.01),其中神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组尤为明显。②神经电生理检查结果:在脊髓半横断损伤后即刻,所有动物的体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅都明显减低甚至消失。移植术后4周,神经干细胞 支架复合体组、神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组大鼠的体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅均有所恢复;至移植术后12周恢复明显。单纯支架组移植术后4,12周体感诱发电位和运动诱发电位波幅无明显变化。③电镜观察结果:扫描电镜下,随着时间的延长各组植入的乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物逐渐降解。透射电镜下,各组植入材料正中横断面可见新生的无髓及有髓神经纤维,至12周时神经干细胞 许旺细胞 支架复合体组最明显。结论:乙交酯-丙交酯共聚物在大鼠损伤的脊髓内具有良好的生物相容性;其与神经干细胞、许旺细胞共移植能够明显促进脊髓半横断损伤大鼠的脊髓轴突再生,并改善肢体的运动功能。     

Mitral stenosis with high left ventricular diastolic pressure.

Three patients with mitral stenosis are described, in whom the haemodynamic findings at cardiac catheterisation were more suggestive of left ventricular myocardial disease, in that the left ventricular diastolic pressure was high and the mitral valve gradient small. However, their echocardiograms showed abnormal wall movement during diastole characteristic of severe inflow obstruction, with slow and protracted filling, and at operation mitral stenosis was confirmed. Left ventricular wall stress was estimated throughout the cardiac cycle in one patient, and the diastolic stress-strain relation shown to be abnormal. The effects of mitral stenosis on left ventricular function are complex, and are not explicable simply by reduction in size of the mitral orifice.     

Interventions to promote healthy eating habits: evaluation and recommendations

Although in several EU Member States many public interventions have been running for the prevention and/or management of obesity and other nutrition‐related health conditions, few have yet been formally evaluated. The multidisciplinary team of the EATWELL project will gather benchmark data on healthy eating interventions in EU Member States and review existing information on the effectiveness of interventions using a three‐stage procedure (i) Assessment of the intervention's impact on consumer attitudes, consumer behaviour and diets; (ii) The impact of the change in diets on obesity and health and (iii) The value attached by society to these changes, measured in life years gained, cost savings and quality‐adjusted life years. Where evaluations have been inadequate, EATWELL will gather secondary data and analyse them with a multidisciplinary approach incorporating models from the psychology and economics disciplines. Particular attention will be paid to lessons that can be learned from private sector that are transferable to the healthy eating campaigns in the public sector. Through consumer surveys and workshops with other stakeholders, EATWELL will assess the acceptability of the range of potential interventions. Armed with scientific quantitative evaluations of policy interventions and their acceptability to stakeholders, EATWELL expects to recommend more appropriate interventions for Member States and the EU, providing a one‐stop guide to methods and measures in interventions evaluation, and outline data collection priorities for the future.     

The double contrast barium enema: a retrospective single centre audit of the detection of colorectal carcinomas.

AIM: To determine retrospectively the sensitivity and specificity of the double contrast barium enema (DCBE) as performed in one institution for the detection of colorectal carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eight hundred and eighty barium enema reports were reviewed of consecutive adult patients who underwent DCBE and also had hospital case notes with a minimum follow up of two years, a later diagnostic colonoscopy, or operative and histological findings. RESULTS: Seventy-four true positive cases of colorectal carcinoma diagnosed at DCBE were confirmed at surgery and histological examination. There were four false positive diagnoses of carcinoma at DCBE. Eight false negative cases at DCBE were demonstrated within a two-year follow-up period. The sensitivity of the DCBE for detecting colorectal carcinoma was therefore 90.2% and the specificity was 99.5%. CONCLUSION: DCBE is a sensitive and highly specific investigation for the detection of colorectal carcinoma.     

Local, national and imported foods: a qualitative study

The UK government is currently attempting to encourage consumers to buy more locally produced food. It is hoped that this will provide economic, environmental and social benefits to local areas, leading to more sustainable patterns of consumption. This qualitative study looks at the views and behaviour of consumers towards local foods with a particular focus on the barriers that prevent greater uptake of local produce. In total, four focus groups (n=33) were conducted. Content analysis identified six relevant themes in relation to local, national and imported foods. These were cost, lifestyle, food quality, consumer ethnocentrism, choice and farmers. Overall, although participants reported buying few local products currently, there was widespread enthusiasm across socio-economic groups for local foods, with participants perceiving them as being of a higher quality than imported foods. They also generally endorsed the idea of supporting local farmers and their own national economy. The main barriers preventing participants from buying more local products were price and inconvenience. The results are discussed in relation to developing future strategies for encouraging people to buy more local food products.