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31.
Torsten Fredriksson M.D. Jerry K. Bigelow M.T. 《Archives of environmental & occupational health》2013,68(6):663-667
Repeated inhalation of the vapors of bis(chloromethyl) ether and chloromethyl methyl ether at one and two ppm, respectively, and of the aerosol of urethan at approximately 138 ppm, resulted in an increase in incidence of pulmonary adenomas in strain A mice. In addition, the high toxicity of the two haloethers and the general lack of properties irritating to the upper respiratory tract in all three compounds pose an insidious industrial handling hazard. 相似文献
32.
Torsten Witte 《Der Internist》2018,59(12):1249-1254
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most important chronic inflammatory joint disease with a prevalence of 1%. When untreated the disease leads to joint destruction and therefore to functional restrictions of the patients and also to increased rates of cardiovascular and malignant diseases. After the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis was better understood, in the last 20 years biologics could be developed, which are directed against targets involved in the inflammatory process in RA. Since then the remission rates of RA have substantially increased. In 2017 Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors were additionally approved for the treatment of RA in Germany. They further broaden the therapeutic options and, in contrast to biologics, are administered orally. The response rates to therapy are better the earlier the disease is diagnosed and treated. Patients in whom RA is suspected due to a new onset of polyarthritis, should therefore be promptly referred to a rheumatologist. 相似文献
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Patterns and challenges of treatment sequencing in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Experience from a German referral center
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36.
Else-Marie Dalsgaard Jesper O. Christensen Mette Vinter Skriver Knut Borch-Johnsen Torsten Lauritzen Annelli Sandbaek 《Primary Care Diabetes》2010,4(4):223-229
AimTo examine attendance, number of people with T2DM and costs of three different stepwise screening strategies for T2DM in general practice (GP).MethodsDiabetes risk questionnaires were mailed to individuals aged 40–69 years from 45 general practices in 2001–2002 and individuals at high risk for T2DM, were asked to contact their GP to arrange a screening test. In 2005–2006, 26 general practices were randomised into two different opportunistic screening programmes (OP-direct and OP-subsequent) and risk questionnaires were distributed to individuals aged 40–69 years during GP consultations. In the OP-direct approach, high-risk individuals were offered to start the screening during the actual consultation while high-risk individuals in the OP-subsequent approach, were invited to a screening test at a later date. We report attendance, number of people with T2DM and costs of each screening approach.ResultsThe mail-distributed approach identified 0.8% of the target population with T2DM, the OP-direct approach and the OP-subsequent approach, 0.9% and 0.5% respectively. Cost per person with T2DM was in the mail-distributed approach: € 1058, OP-direct approach: € 707 and the OP-subsequent approach: € 727.ConclusionThis study indicates that opportunistic screening identifies the same level of unknown diabetes as a mail-distributed approach but with lower costs. 相似文献
37.
Karsten Gavenis †Bernhard Schmidt-Rohlfing Stefan Andereya Torsten Mumme ‡Ulrich Schneider Ralf Mueller-Rath 《Artificial organs》2010,34(1):79-83
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of a cell-free collagen type I gel plug for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. Cellular migration and proliferation was addressed in vitro, and the formation of repair tissue in a nude mouse-based defect model. A cell-free plug made of collagen type I was placed in the center of an incubation plate. Surrounding space was filled with a collagen type I gel (Arthro Kinetics, Esslingen, Germany) seeded with 2 × 105 human articular chondrocytes/mL gel. After cultivation for up to 6 weeks in vitro, samples were subject to histological and immunohistochemical staining and gene expression analysis. Subsequently, chondral defects of human osteochondral blocks were treated with the plug, and specimens were cultivated subcutaneously in nude mice for 6 weeks. The repair tissue was evaluated macroscopically, and collagen type II production was investigated immunohistochemically. In vitro, morphology of immigrated cells did not show any differences, as did collagen type II gene expression. After 4 weeks, the plug was homogeneously inhabited. After 6 weeks of cultivation in nude mice, collagen gel plug treatment led to a macroscopically excellent repair tissue. Histological staining revealed a tight bonding, and the collagen gel plug started to be remodeled. We conclude that the novel collagen gel plug device offers an environment favorable for the migration of articular chondrocytes and leads to a good-quality repair tissue in the nude mouse model. The arthroscopic transplantation of a collagen gel plug may be one option in the treatment of focal cartilage defects. 相似文献
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Reda T Plugge CM Abram NJ Hirst J 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2008,105(31):10654-10658
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a kinetically and thermodynamically stable molecule. It is easily formed by the oxidation of organic molecules, during combustion or respiration, but is difficult to reduce. The production of reduced carbon compounds from CO2 is an attractive proposition, because carbon-neutral energy sources could be used to generate fuel resources and sequester CO2 from the atmosphere. However, available methods for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 require excessive overpotentials (are energetically wasteful) and produce mixtures of products. Here, we show that a tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase enzyme (FDH1) adsorbed to an electrode surface catalyzes the efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate. Electrocatalysis by FDH1 is thermodynamically reversible—only small overpotentials are required, and the point of zero net catalytic current defines the reduction potential. It occurs under thoroughly mild conditions, and formate is the only product. Both as a homogeneous catalyst and on the electrode, FDH1 catalyzes CO2 reduction with a rate more than two orders of magnitude faster than that of any known catalyst for the same reaction. Formate oxidation is more than five times faster than CO2 reduction. Thermodynamically, formate and hydrogen are oxidized at similar potentials, so formate is a viable energy source in its own right as well as an industrially important feedstock and a stable intermediate in the conversion of CO2 to methanol and methane. FDH1 demonstrates the feasibility of interconverting CO2 and formate electrochemically, and it is a template for the development of robust synthetic catalysts suitable for practical applications. 相似文献
40.
Susanna?Nikolaus Georg?H.?Waetzig Sven?Butzin Monika?Ziolkiewicz Natalie?Al-Massad Florian?Thieme Ulf?L?vgren Birgitte?B.?Rasmussen Torsten?M.?Reinheimer Dirk?Seegert Philip?Rosenstiel Silke?Szymczak Stefan?SchreiberEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《International journal of colorectal disease》2018,33(7):927-936