FGFR2 gene polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk in the Han Chinese population

Aims and background: Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms among women in many developing countries including China, and is the leading cause of female cancer-related deaths worldwide. Methods: In the current study, we analyzed the relationship between 14 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) and breast cancer risk in the Han Chinese population including 185 breast cancer patients and 199 healthy women controls on the different types of breast cancer and menopausal status. Results: Overall, we found rs2981579 in the FGFR2 gene, and rs2380205 were associated with breast cancer susceptibility.Conclusions:These findings indicate that FGFR2 was associated with breast cancer risk in the Han Chinese population, support the hypothesis that the applicability of a common susceptibility locus must be confirmed among genetically different populations.     

Association between leukocyte telomere length and glioma risk: a case-control study

Background

Compelling epidemiological evidence indicates that alterations of telomere length are associated with risks of many malignancies in a tumor-specific manner, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma. However, the association between leukocyte telomere length and glioma risk has not been investigated.

Methods

Relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood leukocytes from 467 glioma patients and 467 healthy controls, matched by age and sex, was measured using the real-time PCR-based method in a case-control study. An unconditional multivariate logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between RTL and glioma risk.

Results

Glioma patients showed notably longer RTL than controls (median, 0.555 vs 0.444; P > .04). RTL was negatively correlated with age in both cases (ρ = −0.430; P < .001) and controls (ρ = −0.388; P < .001). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status and family history of cancer, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a U-shaped association between RTL and glioma risk (P for nonlinearity <.001). Compared with individuals in the second tertile of RTL, the odds ratios (95% CI) for participants in the first and third tertiles were 2.16 (range, 1.52–3.09) and 3.51 (range, 2.45–5.00), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the association between RTL and glioma risk was not modulated by major host characteristics.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates for the first time that either shorter or longer RTL in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with increased glioma risk, which warrants further investigation in the future.     

薯蓣皂苷对膝骨性关节炎模型大鼠的治疗效果及其机制研究

目的 探索薯蓣皂苷对膝骨性关节炎（KOA）大鼠治疗效果,并探讨其可能机制。方法 采用切断前交叉韧带离断法建立KOA大鼠模型,40只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、KOA组、薯蓣皂苷低剂量组（50mg/kg）、薯蓣皂苷高剂量组（100mg/kg）,各组10只大鼠,正常组、KOA组给予生理盐水灌胃, 薯蓣皂苷组给与薯蓣皂苷灌胃,每天1次,连续8周。治疗8周,进行疼痛评分、组织病理学观察,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测关节液内肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素1β（IL-1β）、白介素6（IL-6）含量,Westen blot法检测关节软骨组织内信号通路Wnt3a抗体（Wnt3a）、?β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）、 人基质金属蛋白酶13（MMP-13）,糖原合成酶激酶3β（GSK-3β）、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白抗体（CollagenⅡ）蛋白表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,KOA组刺激缩足反射潜伏期（TWL）、机械缩足反射阈值（MWT）明显升高（P<0.05）,而薯蓣皂苷组TWL、MWT较KOA组明显降低（P<0.05）;薯蓣皂苷组大鼠膝关节大体观察及组织病理改变较KOA组明显改善;KOA组关节液内炎症因子水平、关节软骨内Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-13蛋白表达水平较假手术组明显升高,GSK-3β、CollagenⅡ蛋白表达水平明显降低,而薯蓣皂苷治疗后,炎症因子水平及Wnt3a、β-catenin、MMP-1蛋白表达水平较KOA组明显降低,GSK-3β、CollagenⅡ蛋白表达水平明显升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 薯蓣皂苷能减轻膝骨性关节炎疼痛和软骨退行性改变,抑制关节腔内炎症反应,维持软骨代谢平衡,可能通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

Polymorphisms in ESR1 and FLJ43663 are associated with breast cancer risk in the Han population

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease which is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic susceptibility is likely to be due to variants conferring more moderate risks. To identify susceptibility alleles, we conducted a case–control association study in 185 breast cancer cases and 199 controls in the Han population. We genotyped 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms previously implicated in breast cancer using Sequenom MassARRAY SNP genotyping method and identified rs3734805 in the ESR1 gene and rs2048672 in the FLJ43663 gene were associated with breast cancer risk. Allele “C” of rs3734805 was associated with increased breast cancer progression by χ ² test and additive model analysis (OR?=?1.36; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.82; p?=?0.042). Using recessive model analysis, we found that genotype “GG” of rs2048672 was the protective genotype during breast cancer progression (OR?=?0.55; 95 % CI, 0.32–0.95; p?=?0.029). Our results provide additional insights into the opposing roles of the ESR1 and FLJ43663 genes in breast cancer onset and progression.     

Lung fluid absorption is induced in preterm guinea pigs ventilated with low tidal volumes

The objective of this study was to determine if low tidal volume (V(t)) ventilation was beneficial when ventilating preterm fetuses. The authors ventilated preterm guinea pig fetuses at gestation day (GD) 67, 3 days before birth, newborn, and 10-day-old (PD10) guinea pigs with low V(t) (6 mL/kg body weight [bw]) and compared them to age-matched fetuses/animals ventilated with higher potentially injurious V(t) (12 mL/kg bw). Lung fluid absorption was measured after intratracheal instillation of 5% albumin in 0.9% NaCl. Low V(t) ventilation stimulated lung fluid absorption when compared to higher V(t) in all groups. The increased lung fluid absorption in low V(t)-ventilated fetuses was associated with increased α epithelial Na channel (αEnaC) mRNA. However, αENaC and βENaC protein was unchanged over the 1-hour study. Because stretch induces mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase expression and MAP kinases may affect lung fluid absorption, the authors investigated if MAP kinase (MAPK) expression was affected by V(t). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) were phosphorylated in the higher V(t)-ventilated guinea pig fetuses. This suggested that a reduced activation of MAP kinases might explain the increased lung fluid absorption in the low V(t)-ventilated fetuses. Thus these data suggest that low V(t) ventilation increases fetal lung fluid absorption and thus may be preferential to use clinically.     

A noninflammatory interleukin-1beta fragment stimulates fetal lung fluid absorption in guinea pigs

We have previously demonstrated that full-length interleukin (IL)-1beta can induce and stimulate lung fluid absorption in near-term guinea pig fetuses via stimulation of fetal cortisol synthesis and release. To develop a potentially clinically useful drug, we tested the hypothesis that maternal administration of a noninflammatory IL-1beta-fragment (IL-1beta(Fr)) induced cortisol synthesis and stimulated lung fluid absorption in preterm fetuses. IL-1beta(Fr) was administered s.c. daily to timed-pregnant guinea pigs for 3 days with and without simultaneous cortisol synthesis inhibition by metyrapone. Fetuses were obtained by abdominal hysterotomy at 61 and 68 days gestation and instilled with isosmolar 5% albumin into the lungs, and lung fluid absorption was measured over 1 h by mass balance. Lung fluid absorption was induced at 61 days and stimulated at 68 days gestation by IL-1beta(Fr), which both were attenuated by cortisol synthesis inhibition. Moreover, induction of labor by oxytocin stimulated lung fluid absorption at 61 days but had no stimulatory effect at 68 days gestation when given with the IL-1beta(Fr). Plasma adrenocorticotropin and cortisol concentrations were increased by IL-1beta(Fr) at 61 days gestation and remained high but unstimulated by IL-1beta(Fr) at 68 days gestation, and metyrapone always reduced cortisol concentrations. Prenatal lung fluid absorption, when present as well as IL-1beta(Fr)-induced, was always propranolol- and amiloride-sensitive, suggesting that beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) were critical for the induced/stimulated lung fluid absorption. ENaC expression was increased by IL-1beta(Fr) and attenuated by cortisol synthesis inhibition. Thus, our results suggest a potential clinical use of IL-1beta(Fr) therapeutically to induce lung fluid absorption in fetuses at risk of preterm delivery.     

谈药政执法主体行政司法裁决权的运用

《药品管理法》赋予了卫生行政部门行政司法裁决权。本文运用行政汪和民法理论阐述了运用该项权能的程序和原则，指出行使该项权能的注意事项和完善卫生行政司法裁决权的建议。