540例良性前列腺增生症患者中医证候分布规律研究

目的探讨良性前列腺增生症(BPH)中医证候分布规律。方法收集BPH患者540例,编制BPH中医证候学调查表获取患者四诊资料,对收集的症状、体征、舌、脉等证候指标进行频数分析、内部可靠性分析及聚类分析,总结出该病的证候特点及中医证候分布规律。结果 BPH的8个基本证候分别为肾阳虚证(256例)、瘀阻水道证(238例)、肾阴虚证(173例)、湿热下注证(140例)、脾气虚弱证(127例)、痰浊郁结证(92例)、肝郁气滞证(46例)、肺热气郁证(32例),每一患者可具备一个或多个基本证候。单一证型有3个共106例(19.6%),复合证型有9种证型组合共434例(80.4%);12类证候中单纯实证1个共32例(5.9%),单纯虚证4个共154例(28.5%),虚实夹杂证7个共354例(65.6%)。结论肾阳虚证、瘀阻水道证、肾阴虚证为BPH的常见基本证型,且以复合证型、虚实夹杂证多见。     

含血停跳液对缺氧未成熟心肌的保护作用

目的　探讨含血停跳液对缺氧未成熟心肌的保护作用。方法　构建缺氧幼兔模型 ,观察应用含血停跳液灌注 (研究组 )与冷晶体停跳液灌注 (对照组 )后幼兔心肌收缩力、冠脉流量 ,心肌含水量和心肌细胞超微结构的变化。结果　复跳后心肌收缩力的恢复率分别为 :研究组 ( 97 5 0± 4 11) % ,对照组 ( 5 6 2 5± 9 48) % (P <0 0 1) ;缺血期不同时点 ( 0 ,2 0 ,40min)的冠脉流量分别为 :研究组 3 5 3± 0 3 2 ,3 45± 0 44 ,3 4± 0 5ml/(min·g) ,对照组 2 0 9± 0 2 6,1 86±0 3 ,1 79± 0 2ml/(min·g) (P <0 0 1) ;复跳后不同时点 ( 0 ,10 ,2 0min)的冠脉流量分别为 :研究组 3 5 9± 0 3 2 ,3 7± 0 2 9,3 88± 0 3 7ml/(min·g) ,对照组 2 96± 0 2 5 ,2 74± 0 2 8,2 3 5± 0 2 6ml/(min·g) (P <0 0 1) ;再灌注末心肌含水量 :研究组 ( 5 9 95± 2 0 9) % ,对照组 ( 79 77± 1 17) % ,(P <0 0 1)。研究组心肌细胞线粒体、细胞核等超微结构得到较好保护。结论　应用含血停跳液灌注后的冠脉流量 ,复跳后心肌收缩力的恢复率较高 ;缺血后心肌水肿较轻 ,细胞的超微结构得到较好的保护     

整合子相关的铜绿假单胞菌耐药性分析

目的研究多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌中1、2类整合酶基因及1类整合子标志基因的携带情况。方法用纸片扩散法做耐药菌株的药敏试验。聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增检测intI1、intI2整合酶基因,1类整合子标志基因su l 1和qacEΔ1,扩增产物纯化后基因测序分析。结果铜绿假单胞菌对3类或3类以上抗生素耐药,大多对阿莫西林-克拉维酸、庆大霉素、环丙沙星和哌拉西林耐药,且与1类整合子的存在密切相关。intI1整合酶基因阳性率为97.5%(78/80),而intI2整合酶基因的阳性率为6.25%(5/80);1类整合子的su l 1和qacEΔ1的阳性率分别为92.5%(74/80)和81.2%(65/80)。结论铜绿假单胞菌的耐药与耐药基因传递的新机制———整合子系统密切相关。     

Correlation of TNFAIP8 overexpression with the proliferation,metastasis, and disease-free survival in endometrial cancer

Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is an apoptosis regulator proven to have an important function in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and progression of malignancies. In this study, we investigated the clinical role of TNFAIP8 overexpression in endometrial cancer (EC) and determined the relationship of TNFAIP8 with the proliferative antigen Ki-67 and metastasis-related gene matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in 225 tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry and western blot, in order to elucidate more information on the role of TNFAIP8 protein with regard to the pathogenesis of EC. An association was observed between TNFAIP8 overexpression and clinicopathologic factors, such as advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P?<?0.001), higher histologic grade (P?=?0.017), deep myometrial invasion (P?=?0.030), lymphovascular space invasion (P?=?0.011), lymph node metastasis (P?<?0.001), and recurrence. Furthermore, TNFAIP8 overexpression was strongly correlated with MMP9 and Ki-67 expression in the progression of ECs. Patients with high expression of TNFAIP8 (P?<?0.001 for both) and Ki-67 (P?=?0.007 and P?=?0.008) had poor overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. MMP9 overexpression did not affect survival outcomes (P?>?0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that TNFAIP8 (P?=?0.029) and lymph node metastasis (P?=?0.022) were independent factors of DFS in patients with EC. These findings suggested that TNFAIP8 may be used as a prognostic marker for the recurrence of EC, and its promotion of the proliferation and metastasis in EC may be due to its mediation of Ki-67 and MMP9.     

SCCA、COX-2预测宫颈癌新辅助化疗敏感性的研究进展

新辅助化疗可从多方面影响宫颈癌肿瘤的发展,对后续手术或放疗产生影响。鳞状细胞癌抗原（squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCCA）和环氧合酶-2（Cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）可以通过抑制细胞凋亡等途径促进肿瘤的生成,与治疗效果密切相关。本文重点论述两者对宫颈癌新辅助化疗疗效和敏感性的预测价值及最新研究进展。     

Relative Telomere Length and Stroke Risk in a Chinese Han Population

This study aimed to further understand the role of relative telomere length (RTL) in susceptibility to stroke and investigate the association regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RETL1) gene polymorphisms and RTL. RTL was measured using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from 300 stroke patients and 299 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The results indicated that stroke patients had significantly shorter median RTL than controls (P?<?0.001). Compared with the longer RTL (≥?0.766), the shorter RTL (<?0.766) was significantly increased the risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR]?=?8.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.42–13.14, P?<?0.001). The RTL was categorized into tertiles, we found that the shorter RTL (0.515–1.366) (OR?=?16.27, 95% CI 7.72–34.29, P?<?0.001) and lowest RTL (<?0.515) (OR?=?30.63, 95% CI 14.27–65.75, P?<?0.001) were significantly increased stroke risk compared with the highest RTL (>?1.366). Stratified analysis showed that the shorter RTL was also significantly increased the risk of stroke compared with the longer RTL in male, age <?60 years and ≥?60 years, except the female participants. In addition, individuals with the genotypes AA (rs2297441) and GG (rs6089953) have shorter telomeres than the genotypes GG (P?=?0.031) and AA (P?=?0.032), respectively. Our results suggested that shorter RTL was associated with an increased risk of stroke. The association was found between the genotypes AA (rs2297441) and GG (rs6089953) and shorter RTL in case group. Further studies in larger sample size and biological functional assays are warranted to validate our findings.     

Increasing the reference populations for the 55 AISNP panel: the need and benefits

Ancestry inference for an individual can only be as good as the reference populations with allele frequency data on the SNPs being used. If the most relevant ancestral population(s) does not have data available for the SNPs studied, then analyses based on DNA evidence may indicate a quite distantly related population, albeit one among the more closely related of the existing reference populations. We have added reference population allele frequencies for 14 additional population samples (with >1100 individuals studied) to the 125 population samples previously published for the Kidd Lab 55 AISNP panel. Allele frequencies are now publicly available for all 55 SNPs in ALFRED and FROG-kb for a total of 139 population samples. This Kidd Lab panel of 55 ancestry informative SNPs has been incorporated in commercial kits by both ThermoFisher Scientific and Illumina for massively parallel sequencing. Researchers employing those kits will find the enhanced set of reference populations useful.

     

Brightfield,fluorescence, and phase-contrast whole slide imaging via dual-LED autofocusing

Whole slide imaging (WSI) systems convert the conventional biological samples into digital images. Existing commercial WSI systems usually require an expensive high-performance motorized stage to implement the precise mechanical control, and the cost is prohibitive for most individual pathologists. In this work, we report a low-cost WSI system using the off-the-shelf components, including a computer numerical control (CNC) router, a photographic lens, a programmable LED array, a fluorescence filter cube, and a surface-mount LED. To perform real-time single-frame autofocusing, we exploited two elements of a programmable LED array to illuminate the sample from two different incident angles. The captured image would contain two copies of the sample with a certain separation determined by the defocus distance of the sample. Then the defocus distance can be recovered by identifying the translational shift of the two copies. The reported WSI system can reach a resolution of ∼0.7 µm. The time to determine the optimal focusing position for each tile is only 0.02 s, which is about an 83% improvement compared to our previous work. We quantified the focusing performance on 1890 different tissue tiles. The mean focusing error is ∼0.34 µm, which is well below the ± 0.7 µm depth of field range of our WSI system. The reported WSI system can handle both the semitransparent and the transparent sample, enabling us to demonstrate the implementation of brightfield, fluorescence, and phase-contrast WSI. An automatic digital distortion correction strategy is also developed to avoid the stitching errors. The reported prototype has an affordable cost and can make it broadly available and utilizable for individual pathologists as well as can promote the development of digital pathology.     

Genetic polymorphisms of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2C19 in the Uyghur population in northwest China

1.?CYP2C19 is a clinically important enzyme and is involved in the metabolism of approximately 10% of drugs used in daily clinical practice. Previous studies mainly focused on Chinese Han populations or other ethnic groups, little is known about Uyghur populations.

2.?The present study was designed to determine the genetic basis of CYP2C19 polymorphisms.

3.?We used direct sequencing to investigate the promoter, exons and surrounding introns, and 3′-untranslated region of the CYP2C19 gene in 96 unrelated healthy Uyghur individuals.

4.?A total of 31 different CYP2C19 polymorphisms were identified in the Uyghur population, three of which were novel, including two nonsynonymous variants (57807A?>?M, Gln279Pro and 19257G?>?R, Asp262Asn) and one synonymous variants in exon 5 (19184T?>?Y, Leu237Leu). In addition, CYP2C19*1, *2 and *3 alleles showed frequencies of 83.34%, 14.06% and 2.08%, respectively.

5.?This is the first study that systematically screened the polymorphisms of the whole CYP2C19 gene in Uyghur population. Hence, our results provided important information on CYP2C19 polymorphisms in Uyghur population and could be helpful for future personalized medicine studies in Uyghur population generally.