中药夜交藤化学成分的研究

从中药夜交藤中分得的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4种结晶性成分,通过化学及光谱分析证明,依次为大黄素、大黄素-6-甲醚、β-谷甾醇、大黄素-8-O-β-D-单葡萄糖甙。     

White and gray matter development in human fetal, newborn and pediatric brains

Brain anatomy is characterized by dramatic growth from the end of the second trimester through the neonatal stage. The characterization of normal axonal growth of the white matter tracts has not been well-documented to date and could provide important clues to understanding the extensive inhomogeneity of white matter injuries in cerebral palsy (CP) patients. However, anatomical studies of human brain development during this period are surprisingly scarce and histology-based atlases have become available only recently. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) can reveal detailed anatomy of white matter. We acquired diffusion tensor images (DTI) of postmortem fetal brain samples and in vivo neonates and children. Neural structures were annotated in two-dimensional (2D) slices, segmented, measured, and reconstructed three-dimensionally (3D). The growth status of various white matter tracts was evaluated on cross-sections at 19-20 gestational weeks, and compared with 0-month-old neonates and 5- to 6-year-old children. Limbic, commissural, association, and projection white matter tracts and gray matter structures were illustrated in 3D and quantitatively characterized to assess their dynamic changes. The overall pattern of the time courses for the development of different white matter is that limbic fibers develop first and association fibers last and commissural and projection fibers are forming from anterior to posterior part of the brain. The resultant DTMRI-based 3D human brain data will be a valuable resource for human brain developmental study and will provide reference standards for diagnostic radiology of premature newborns.     

右上颌第二磨牙牙内陷1例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨上颌第二磨牙牙内陷患者的诊疗过程,分析罕见牙内陷患者临床表现、影像学特征和病理特点,制定合理的治疗方案。方法：收集1例牙内陷患者的临床资料、影像学表现和病理资料,分析磨牙区牙内陷患者的临床及影像学特征,结合相关文献,总结其临床诊断标准和治疗方法。结果：患者,女性,28岁,因发现右上后牙有洞6个月来本院就诊。专科检查可见17面平龈,牙冠巨大,面正中见凹陷及龋坏,未达髓腔,影像学检查可见17面类牙釉质密度影像向根方凹陷,深度约7.7mm,确诊为牙内陷。初诊时去除腐质,采用安抚治疗,复诊时发现患牙仍有自发痛,且未能解决食物嵌塞痛,考虑到术后恢复效果不佳,故患者同意拔除患牙。离体牙做病理磨片,显微镜下观察可见内陷处牙釉质及牙本质结构异常。结论：发生于磨牙区的牙内陷患者较为罕见,诊疗过程中应结合影像学检查明确疾病类型及治疗计划,建议治疗效果不佳的患牙应及时拔除。     

Combination of anlotinib and gemcitabine promotes the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in vitro

BackgroundIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant carcinoma with high rate of mortality. The current treatment is ineffective with poor survival time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic drug regimens. The multi‐target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) anlotinib has been approved for treating non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the combined therapeutic regimen of anlotinib for ICC has not been investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of anlotinib and the mechanism of gemcitabine combination for ICC treatment.MethodsTwo ICC cell lines, HCCC‐9810 and RBE cells, were used in this study. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was used to study the cell viability, and flow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Compusyn software was used to calculate the combination index (CI) of anlotinib and gemcitabine. The protein expression rate of cleaved PARP/PARP and cleaved caspase‐3/caspase‐3 was detected by Western blotting.ResultsOur result showed that the anlotinib and gemcitabine combination significantly inhibits the growth of ICC cell lines. Compusyn software results showed that the combination regimen had an anti‐tumor synergistic effect. FCM results showed that it promoted apoptosis. Moreover, it increased the protein expression rate of cleaved PARP/PARP and cleaved caspase‐3/caspase‐3. Finally, we found a synergistic anti‐tumor effect by increasing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.ConclusionThe combination of anlotinib and gemcitabine can increase the anti‐tumor effect and may be a potential therapeutic drug regimen in a clinical setting.     

Fetal Lung Epithelial Ion Channels Relocate in the Cell Membrane During Late Gestation

Near the end of gestation, the direction of ion and fluid flow across the alveolar epithelium rapidly changes from secretion to absorption. Thus, the relative cell membrane location of epithelial Na channels (ENaCs) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) Cl channels during late fetal lung development and after maternal interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) pretreatment was the focus of our study. Western blot analysis after sucrose gradient separation of caveolin‐1‐(Cav‐1)‐rich membrane regions (CRR) and Cav‐1‐poor membrane (non‐CRR) revealed primary CRR ENaC localization at gestation day (GD) 61 in guinea pigs. Correlating with the natural induction of distal lung fluid absorption, ENaC appeared in the non‐CRR cell membrane regions at GD68. Conversely, CFTR was present in the non‐CRR cell membrane regions at GD61 and in the CRRs at GD68. IL‐1β‐induced conversion to distal lung fluid absorption at GD61 was associated with ENaC non‐CRR presence and CFTR CRR presence, suggesting that relative ENaC and CFTR locations induced distal lung fluid absorption and decreased fluid secretion. Instilling fetal lungs with the CRR‐disrupting agent methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin resulted in the conversion from lung fluid secretion to absorption and ENaC non‐CRR presence at GD61. Coimmunoprecipitation of Cav‐1 with α‐ and β‐ENaC demonstrated reduced coimmunoprecipitation with increased GD and after IL‐1β pretreatment. On the other hand, coimmunoprecipitation of Cav‐1 with CFTR demonstrated increased coimmunoprecipitation with increasing GD and after IL‐1β pretreatment. This concept may provide novel molecular mechanisms for the rapid transition from fetal distal lung fluid secretion to absorption in near‐term lungs. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

司库奇尤单抗治疗脓疱型银屑病继发湿疹样皮炎1例

患者女,67岁,因周身斑块脓疱伴发热8 d于2019年7月15日就诊。患者8 d前因腹泻、呕吐伴发热于外院消化科住院,诊断为急性胃肠炎,予头孢他啶抗感染期间仍有发热且四肢出现红斑,其上见脓疱,伴疼痛,红斑面积逐渐扩大累及躯干、面部……     

Quantitative multi-height phase retrieval via a coded image sensor

Multi-height phase retrieval introduces different object-to-detector distances for obtaining phase diversity measurements. In the acquisition process, the slow-varying phase information, however, cannot be converted to intensity variations for detection. Therefore, the low-frequency contents of the phase profile are lost during acquisition and cannot be properly restored via phase retrieval. Here, we demonstrate the use of a coded image sensor for addressing this challenge in multi-height phase retrieval. In our scheme, we add a coded layer on top of the image sensor for encoding the slow-varying complex wavefronts into intensity variations of the modulated patterns. Inspired by the concept of blind ptychography, we report a reconstruction scheme to jointly recover the complex object and the unknown coded layer using multi-height measurements. With both simulation and experimental results, we show that the recovered phase is quantitative and the slow-varying phase profiles can be properly restored using lensless multi-height measurements. We also show that the image quality using the coded sensor is better than that of a regular image sensor. For demonstrations, we validate the reported scheme with various biospecimens and compare the results to those of regular lensless multi-height phase retrieval. The use of a coded image sensor may enable true quantitative phase imaging for the lensless multi-height, multi-wavelength, and transport-of-intensity equation approaches.     

肾综合征出血热病患者肾血流动力学的彩色多普勒检测

目的探讨肾综合征出血热（HFRS）病程各期几项超声检测指标的临床意义。方法二维超声显像和彩色多普勒超声对经血清IGM抗体证实的48例HFRS患者和42例健康人的肾脏进行检查,对比分析HFRS各期肾实质厚度、主肾动脉、叶间动脉、段动脉及弓形动脉的血流动力学及主肾动脉血流量的变化。结果HFRS发热期,肾实质增厚,各级肾动脉的血流参数及肾血流量与对照组比较差异无显著性;少尿期、移行期及多尿期,肾实质厚度、各级肾动脉的各项血流参数及主肾动脉血流量与对照组比较有统计学意义,随病程的进展有其自身规律。结论二维超声在HFRS的早期诊断中有重要意义,主肾动脉的阻力指数与肾血流量结合对临床补液有指导作用,HFRS各期肾各级分支动脉的血流参数与主肾动脉的血流参数有类似的意义,考虑日常工作中用主肾动脉的血流参数替代各级分支动脉的血流参数。     

氟伏沙明对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并抑郁焦虑患者的疗效及安全性

目的:探讨氟伏沙明对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者抑郁焦虑症状的疗效及安全性,并评价其对患者生活质量的影响。方法:存在轻中度焦虑、抑郁症状的64例稳定期COPD患者随机分为治疗组(33例)及对照组(31例),治疗组服用氟伏沙明,起始剂量25 mg/d,视病情调整剂量,最大剂量100 mg/d,治疗4周后再检测患者COPD的各项指标并用圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评价生活质量,应用TESS副反应量表记录药物副反应。结果:治疗4周末,治疗组生活质量各评分与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),HAMA评分降低有极显著性意义(P<0.01),HAMD评分降低有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:氟伏沙明能明显提高COPD患者的生活质量,改善患者的焦虑及抑郁症状,治疗期间无明显不良反应。