Association of sleep quality with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle in adolescents from southern Brazil

Background

Good sleep quality is an essential component for growth, development, and physical and mental health of the individual, in addition to being a positive indicator of health and well-being. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to identify the association of poor sleep quality with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, weight status, and associated aerobic fitness in adolescents.

Methods

This study included 1110 students aged 14–19 years from city of São José/SC, Brazil. Sleep quality of the subjects was assessed using a questionnaire and classified as adequate and low. Independent variables were gender, age, monthly household income, maternal education, school shift, global physical activity, proper diet, screen time, sleeping hours of full week, sleeping hours of weekdays, sleeping hours of weekends, weight status, and aerobic fitness. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and confidence intervals of 95%.

Results

Prevalence of poor sleep quality was 60.4%. More likely to have poor sleep quality were identified in female students (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.11–2.55), whose mothers had higher levels of education (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.20–1.73) and low aerobic fitness (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02–3.19).

Conclusion

Adolescents who were most likely to report poor sleep quality were female, those whose mothers had a higher educational level and had low aerobic fitness. Students with sedentary risk behavior were less likely of reporting poor sleep quality.

     

Cystic adenomatoid malformations are induced by localized FGF10 overexpression in fetal rat lung

Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF10) is a mesenchymal growth factor, involved in epithelial and mesenchymal interactions during lung branching morphogenesis. In the present work, FGF10 overexpression was transiently induced in a temporally and spatially restricted manner, during the pseudoglandular or canalicular stages of rat lung development, by trans-uterine ultrasound-guided intraparenchymal microinjections of adenoviral vector encoding the rfgf10 transgene. The morphologic and histologic classification of the resulting malformations were dependent upon developmental stage and location. Overexpression of FGF10 restricted to the proximal tracheobronchial tree during the pseudoglandular phase resulted in large cysts lined by tall columnar epithelium composed primarily of Clara cells with a paucity of Type II pneumocytes, resembling bronchiolar type epithelium. In contrast, FGF10 overexpression in the distal lung parenchyma during the canalicular phase resulted in small cysts lined by cuboidal epithelial cells composed of primarily Type II pneumocytes resembling acinar epithelial differentiation. The cystic malformations induced by FGF10 overexpression appear to closely recapitulate the morphology and histology of the spectrum of human congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). These findings support a role for FGF10 in the induction of human CCAM and provide further mechanistic insight into the role of FGF10 in normal and abnormal lung development.     

Estimating gluconeogenesis by NMR isotopomer distribution analysis of [13C]bicarbonate and [1-13C]lactate

The gluconeogenic contribution to glucose production in livers isolated from rats fasted for 24 h was determined by 13C-NMR isotopomer distribution analysis of secreted glucose enriched from 99% [13C]bicarbonate (n = 4) and 99% [1-13C]lactate (n = 4). Experiments with 3% 2H2O were also performed, allowing the gluconeogenic contribution to be measured by the relative 2H enrichments at positions 5 and 2 of glucose. From 13C-NMR analyses, the contribution of gluconeogenesis to glucose output was estimated to be 93 +/- 3% for [13C]bicarbonate perfusion and 91 +/- 3% for [1-13C]lactate perfusion, in good agreement with the 2H-NMR analysis of the gluconeogenic contribution to glucose production (100 +/- 1% and 99 +/- 1%, respectively) and consistent with the expected negligible contribution from glycogenolysis. These results indicate that 13C-NMR analysis of glucose 13C-isotopomer distribution from either [13C]bicarbonate or [1-13C]lactate precursor provides realistic estimates of the gluconeogenic contribution to hepatic glucose output.     

A study of glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty

PURPOSE: To identify the incidence and risk factors associated with the development of glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in 228 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty from January 1995 to January 2000 at the Cornea Section of the Ophthalmology Service at the School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia MG, Brazil. Follow-up time ranged from 4 to 60 months (mean, 17.14 +/- 13.65). RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty were evaluated and 49 (21.5%) developed glaucoma. Risk factors for developing glaucoma were bullous keratopathy [relative risk (RR) = 2.1774), herpesvirus (RR = 1.8979), and trauma (RR = 1.0575). Mean intraocular pressure before transplantation was 15.26 +/- 5.37 mm Hg. Intraocular pressure after transplantation ranged from 22 to 58 mm Hg, with a mean value of 30.04 +/- 7.06 mm Hg. Thirty-six (73.5%) patients had medical treatment, 10 (20.4%) had medical and surgical treatment, and three (6.1%) had surgical treatment. Final intraocular pressure ranged from 4 to 34 mm Hg (mean, 16.79 +/- 5.36). CONCLUSION: The incidence of glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty is high, and the risk factors include aphakic/pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, herpes simplex virus, and trauma.     

Simple surgical isolation of pulmonary veins for treating secondary atrial fibrillation in mitral valve disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) due to mitral valve disease has been successfully treated by surgery. We performed a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical method of simple pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) without radiofrequency or cryoablation in the restoration of sinus rhythm in a group of patients. METHODS: Fifteen patients were operated on for mitral valve disease and chronic AF. The technique consists basically of a circumferential incision excluding the pulmonary vein ostia from the left atrium. RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was achieved in 92.3% of the patients at 6-month follow-up. Echocardiograms 2 months after surgery showed a mean decrease of 1.1 cm in left atrial size. Effective atrial ejection was reestablished in all patients in whom sinus rhythm was achieved (mean LA ejection fraction 41% +/- 14%). Twenty-four hour Holter recordings did not show episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in any patients. Four patients had isolated episodes of ventricular ectopic beats. Stress electrocardiograms showed mean maximal ventricular response was 64% +/- 11% and 73% +/- 9% of predicted value at 2 and 6 months, respectively. All patients had improved NYHA functional class after surgery; 74% of patients were in NYHA functional class I at 6 months compared with 13.3% preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary vein isolation without the use of radiofrequency or cryoablation is effective in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with chronic AF secondary to mitral valve disease. Based on simple surgical incisions, this technique is more advantageous than others requiring additional instrumentation.