抗CD20单抗（Rituximab）作为B细胞淋巴瘤老龄患者初始治疗的新标准

背景侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤是目前最常见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤类型,主要包括弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)和套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)。超过60%的患者被诊断出B细胞淋巴瘤时年龄都在60岁以上。在过去的30年间,CHOP方案(环磷酰胺、多柔比星、长春新碱、泼尼松)是治疗DLBCL的金标准。年龄较轻的患者     

Myoclonus‐dystonia and Silver–Russell syndrome resulting from maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7

Myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) is a movement disorder that is often associated with mutations in epsilon‐sarcoglycan (SGCE), a maternally imprinted gene at 7q21.3. We report a 24‐year‐old male with short stature (<5th percentile) and a movement disorder clinically consistent with M‐D. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array did not identify significant copy number changes, but revealed three long continuous stretches of homozygosity on chromosome 7 suggestive of uniparental disomy. Parental SNP arrays confirmed that the proband had maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) with regions of heterodisomy and isodisomy. mUPD7 is the cause of approximately 5–10% of Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), a disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Although SRS was not suspected in our patient, these findings explain his short stature. SGCE methylation testing showed loss of the unmethylated paternal allele. Our findings provide a unifying diagnosis for his short stature and M‐D and help to optimize his medication regimen. In conclusion, we show that M‐D is a clinical feature that may be associated with SRS due to mUPD7. Individuals with mUPD7 should be monitored for the development of movement disorders. Conversely, individuals with M‐D and short stature should be evaluated for SRS.     

Choosing the correct metrics for glucose control

Choice of the right renal replacement therapy for severe acute kidney injury in critically ill patients has been investigated many times in the last two decades. Although some questions have been answered, in current practice many different approaches are still used in the ICU. One basic and important issue is the frequency of renal replacement delivery: apart from pathophysiological speculations, in terms of hard outcomes (namely mortality and length of hospital stay) should dialysis be delivered continuously or intermittently? The authors of the CONVINT study provided a (last) response to this debate: in expert hands, the two treatments provide similar outcomes. This study confirms previous studies and is also important for other aspects, such as the possibility that the two modalities are complementary and may be indicated for different purposes.     

Myelomonocytic antigen positive multiple myeloma

In a four year span, between 1983 and 1987, 215 bone marrow and cell culture samples from 125 myeloma patients were immunotyped and coexpression of myelomonocytic and plasma cell antigens occurred in 16 (13%). We employed both immunohistochemical and flow cytometry methods including coplots and double labelling. Three types of myeloma cases were found: (1) those with isolated myeloid antigen coexpression, usually Leu M1 or esterase (BE, CE) positive (11 cases); (2) those with multiple myeloid antigens (Leu M1, M3, M5, MY7, BE, CE) (four cases); and (3) one case beginning as 1 and ending as 2. Isolated myeloid antigen expression was generally associated with typical features of myeloma with survival close to the anticipated median (33 months), while multiple myeloid antigen expression was associated with more aggressive disease and shorter survival duration (median survival 16 months). The latter subgroup also had other poor prognostic factors including high labelling index and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) positivity. Other features found overall were frequent abnormal karyotypes (seven of 12 abnormal) and coexpressed IgA (eight of 16); all IgA+ cases also coexpressed Leu M1. We conclude that there is an unusual and unexpected predilection for coexpression of myelomonocytic antigens in myeloma cells. The reasons are not immediately obvious. Whether the coexpression indicates that myeloma cells truly have latent multilineage potential or just aberrantly coexpress other hematopoietic antigens as a manifestation of malignancy remains to be explained. However, a cell line established from the bone marrow of one patient is a valuable scientific tool allowing detailed analysis of these questions.     

Cardioprotective effect of Spathodea campanulata bark on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardioprotective potential of 70% ethanolic extract of bark of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv (EEBSC).MethodsWister strain rats were pretreated with EEBSC in two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) orally for 14 d and then intoxicated with isoproterenol (200 mg/kg, s.c. for 2 consecutive days at an interval of 24 h on 14th and 15th day of treatment protocol) to induce myocardial injury.ResultsCardioprotection was assessed by estimating serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reduced glutathione were analyzed in heart homogenate. In isoproterenol-treated group, shrinkage of cardiac markers in serum and elevated lipid peroxidation accompanied by decreased content of reduced glutathione in heart. The prior administration of EEBSC significantly (P < 0.05) prevented the isoproterenol-induced alterations and restored the cardiac markers. The observed results were further confirmed by histopathological findings.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that EEBSC exerts cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction due to its free radical scavenging effects, which maintains the tissue defence system against myocardial damage.     

抗生素透入组织的药效学与预防外科感染

近年来尽管在外科技术、抗生素的应用和改变机体免疫状态等方面均有很多进展,但外科感染率仍无明显改善。本文重点复习抗生素预防外科感染。     

Treatment of small vessel vasculitis affecting the kidneys

Summary: Treatment of vasculitis can be divided into two phases: (i) an induction phase to achieve remission, abate destructive inflammation and minimize scarring; and (ii) the maintenance phase to sustain patients in remission with minimal treatment-related side-effects. A combination of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents is commonly used as induction therapy. the dose and route of administration of corticosteroids have not been studied adequately, but intravenous (i.v.) bolus doses of methyiprednisolone are often administered to patients with severe disease. It has the advantage of fewer side-effects compared to prolonged high dose oral corticosteroids, and the immediate immuno-modulatory effects of the steroid boluses may confer additional therapeutic benefits. It is the general impression that cyclophosphamide is more effective than azathioprine in the acute phase of patients with severe disease. the use of cyclophosphamide by i.v. pulse rather than orally is contentious, and some recent studies have demonstrated its failure to induce sustained remission. Azathioprine with low dose corticosteroids is often employed as long-term maintenance immunosuppression, although low dose cyclophosphamide has also been used for such purpose, which should be withdrawn after 1 year of remission because of its potential side-effects. Clinical and serologic parameters are useful monitors during maintenance therapy. Although serial levels of anti neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) correlate with disease activity, some patients remain well despite positive or increasing levels of ANCA. Consequently, whether immunosuppressive therapy should be esclated based on increasing ANCA Levels along remains controversal.