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11.
Lesions of the articular surfaces of the knee have been managed by various techniques over the last 50 years. Surgical management has involved: excising the damaged area, refashioning the underlying bone to produce a fibrous response, and introducing allograft, autograft and synthetic materials to encourage a repair matrix. The techniques and their pitfalls are reviewed and discussed, and suggestions made as to the direction of future studies for the repair of osteochondral lesions in the painful knee. 相似文献
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Numerous neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify how the brain responds to stimuli mimicking dental treatment in normal non‐phobic individuals. However, results were sometimes inconsistent due to small sample sizes and methodological variations. This meta‐analysis employs standardized procedures to summarize data from previous studies to identify brain regions that were consistently activated across studies, elicited by stimuli such as pictures, sounds, or audiovisual footage mimicking those encountered during dental treatments. A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus. The meta‐analysis analyzed data from 120 healthy subjects from seven neuroimaging studies. We assessed the risk of bias among the included studies with the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. One study appeared to have a high risk of selection bias, whereas the others were considered to have a low risk of bias. Results revealed three clusters of activation with cluster sizes ranging from 768 mm3 to 1,424 mm3. Stimuli mimicking dental treatment consistently activated the bilateral anterior insula; right dorsal anterior cingulate, putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex; and left claustrum. This study confirmed that audio and/or visual stimuli mimicking dental treatment consistently activated the fear‐related brain regions among healthy subjects, mostly consistent with activations from general anxiety but without the involvement of the amygdala. 相似文献
14.
Baker LL; Hajek PC; Burkhard TK; Dicapua L; Leopold GR; Hesselink JR; Mattrey RF 《Radiology》1987,163(1):89-92
High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a surface coil was utilized to evaluate the normal scrotum. Scrotal contents, spermatic canal, and inguinal regions were visualized within the same field of view. Differences in signal intensity in the testis, epididymis, tunica albuginea, fluid, fat, and spermatic cord allowed for clear delineation of these structures in detail. The high contrast and spatial resolution of MR imaging, coupled with the wide field of view and absence of ionizing radiation, make MR imaging well suited for evaluation of the scrotum. 相似文献
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Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells induced by radon alpha particles 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
To establish a cell culture model for lung carcinogenesis, independent
populations of the human papillomavirus 18-immortalized human bronchial
epithelial cell line BEP2D were treated with high linear energy transfer
radon-simulated alpha-particles, expanded and xenotransplanted into Nu/Nu
mice. Six independent cell lines were established from tumors that
developed from three separate radiation treatments as follows: treatment
(Tx) 1 (30 cGy--two doses), H2BT, Tx 2 (30 cGy-- single dose), R30T1L,
R30T2 and R30T3L, Tx 3 (30 cGy--single dose), H1ATN and H1ATBA1.
Cytogenetic analysis revealed common changes in all tumor lines: loss of
the Y chromosome (ch), one of three copies of ch8, one of three copies of
ch14, and one of two copies of ch4p16-pter and ch11p15-pter. Analysis of
polymerase chain reaction-amplified short tandem repeats of informative
loci confirmed the loss of chY in all lines and loss of heterozygosity
(LOH) at eight loci spanning the length of ch8 in all lines from Tx's 1 and
2. Our data support previous studies indicating the presence of tumor
suppressor genes on ch8. LOH also was confirmed on ch14 at locus D14S306 in
all cell lines from Tx 2 and in one of two lines from Tx 3. This region,
14q12-q13, may contain changes in one of the five known somatostatin
receptor genes (SSTR1). No LOH was detected at any of the informative loci
tested for on ch4 or ch11.
相似文献
18.
D Arora TK Bhattacharyya SK Kathpalia SPS Kochar GS Sandhu VSM BK Goyal 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2007,63(1):7-11
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the role of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV), as measured by doppler ultrasound, in detecting foetal anaemia in Rh- isoimmunised pregnancies. Intra-uterine foetal blood transfusion was performed in such anaemic foetuses to tide over the crisis of foetal immaturity till considered fit for extra-uterine survival.Methods
Rh-isoimmunised pregnancies reporting to a tertiary institute from 2003 to 2005, were screened by doppler ultrasound to estimate MCA-PSV to detect foetal anaemia. If the foetus developed MCA-PSV of more than 1.5 multiple of median (MoM) for the gestational age, foetal blood sampling through cordocentesis was performed to confirm foetal anaemia, followed by intrauterine foetal blood transfusion to all anaemic foetuses at the same sitting. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by recording gestational age at the time of delivery, duration of gestational time gained and need for blood transfusion in the neonatal period.Results
A total of thirteen isoimmunised pregnancies were evaluated. Three pregnancies did not require in-utero foetal blood transfusion. Twenty-one intrauterine foetal blood transfusions were performed in the remaining ten patients. Five received blood transfusion in the neonatal period. Intra uterine foetal death occurred in one grossly hydropic foetus and favourable neonatal outcome was recorded in the rest.Conclusion
The clinical outcome of these pregnancies justifies the use of doppler studies of MCA-PSV in detecting foetal anaemia and intra uterine foetal blood transfusion is the only hope of prolonging pregnancy and salvaging such foetuses.Key Words: Rh-isoimmunisation, Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, Foetal anaemia, Foetal blood transfusion 相似文献19.
A new frameshift mutation due to an insertion of G between codon 14/15 of the beta-globin gene was found in two unrelated Chinese patients with Cooley's anemia. The first patient (W.S.) was homozygous for haplotype 5 (Chinese) and carried a codon 41/42 (four base pair deletion) mutant, while the second patient (C.K.) was homozygous for haplotype 2 (Chinese), and also had a codon 17 (A----T) nonsense mutation. Molecular cloning and M13 sequencing of the beta gene in patient W.S. revealed that the new mutant was found in a beta-globin gene framework type 3 (Asian). Direct sequencing was performed on polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA from patient C.K. With the new mutation, an additional BstNI or EcoRII recognition site is generated and the abnormal restriction fragment (134 basepair) can be directly visualized on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amplified genomic DNA. 相似文献
20.
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) is used as a marker for osteoclasts, which are believed to be derived from phagocytic cells or phagocyte stem cell precursors. To further investigate the relationship between monocytic phagocytes and osteoclasts, acid phosphatase (AcP) activity was measured by three different techniques in human peripheral blood monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and the U937 cell line. We found that cytochemistry and gel electrophoresis led to similar results, but that the colorimetric assay was inconsistent. Normal human peripheral monocytes expressed both tartrate-sensitive and -resistant AcP. In culture these cells formed polykaryons and expressed TRAcP activity that was further identified as an isoenzyme associated with bone tissue. In contrast, the U937 cells did not express TRAcP activity as measured by gel electrophoresis. Both U937 cells and monocytes possess material that interferes with interpretation of the colorimetric assay of AcP. The presence of TRAcP in monocyte-derived macrophages further supports the relationship between phagocytic cells and bone osteoclasts. 相似文献