清热解毒方辅助一次性根治术治疗小儿肛周脓肿临床研究

目的：观察清热解毒方辅助一次性根治术治疗小儿肛周脓肿的疗效及对肉芽组织生长的影响。方法：选取120 例肛周脓肿患儿，按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60 例。对照组行一次性根治术治疗，观察组在对照组基础上术后加用清热解毒方坐浴治疗。比较2 组中医症状评分、渗液评分、视觉模拟评分法（VAS） 评分及肉芽组织生长评分，评价2 组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组总有效率为91.67%，高于对照组73.33%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后，2 组肛门肿痛、夜寐不安、恶寒发热、溲赤便秘、舌红苔黄等中医症状评分较治疗前降低，且观察组各症状评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，2 组渗液评分、VAS 评分均较治疗前降低，且观察组渗液评分、VAS 评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后，观察组创面愈合时间、腐肉脱落时间、肉芽组织生长评分均少于对照组，创面愈合度高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组不良反应发生率为6.67%，低于对照组20.00%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：清热解毒方辅助一次性根治术治疗小儿肛周脓肿临床疗效显著，可有效改善患儿中医临床症状和肉芽组织生长情况，加快患儿伤口愈合，安全性较好。     

Investigation of the mechanisms of Genkwa Flos hepatotoxicity by a cell metabolomics strategy combined with serum pharmacology in HL-7702 liver cells

1. To investigate Genkwa Flos hepatotoxicity, a cell metabolomics strategy combined with serum pharmacology was performed on human HL-7702 liver cells in this study.

2. Firstly, cell viability and biochemical indicators were determined and the cell morphology was observed to confirm the cell injury and develop a cell hepatotoxicity model. Then, with the help of cell metabolomics based on UPLC-MS, the Genkwa Flos group samples were completely separated from the blank group samples in the score plots and seven upregulated as well as two down-regulated putative biomarkers in the loading plot were identified and confirmed. Besides, two signal molecules and four enzymes involved in biosynthesis pathway of lysophosphatidylcholine and the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway were determined to investigate the relationship between Genkwa Flos hepatotoxicity and these two classic pathways. Finally, the metabolic pathways related to specific biomarkers and two classic metabolic pathways were analyzed to explain the possible mechanism of Genkwa Flos hepatotoxicity.

3. Based on the results, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, phospholipase A₂/lysophosphatidylcholine pathway, the disturbance of sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolic profile centered on sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway and fatty acid metabolism might be critical participators in the progression of liver injury induced by Genkwa Flos.     

Cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening programme for women in rural China

In low and middle-income countries mammographic breast cancer screening is prohibitively expensive and a cheaper alternative option is to use ultrasound as the primary screening test. In 2009, China launched a breast cancer screening programme for rural women aged 35–64 years with clinical breast examination coupled with ultrasound as the primary tool. Our study aimed to analyse the cost-effectiveness of breast screening compared to no screening among Chinese rural women. We developed a Markov model to estimate the lifetime costs and effects for rural women aged 35 years from a societal perspective. Asymptomatic women in the intervention arm were screened every 3 years before age 64 years. Breast cancer in the non-screening arm can only be diagnosed on presentation of symptoms. Parameter uncertainty was explored using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Compared to no screening, breast cancer screening cost $186.7 more and led to a loss of 0.20 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Breast screening was more expensive and did harm to health among rural women with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $-916/QALY. The sensitivity analysis identified utility loss from false positives as the factor that most influenced the results, but this did not affect the conclusions. In a rural setting with such low breast cancer incidence, screening for asymptomatic disease is not cost-effective with current screening tools. Priority should be given to ensure that symptomatic women have proper access to diagnosis and treatment at an early stage as this will lead to mortality reductions without the usual screening harms.