我国八省份6～12岁儿童上学日睡眠状况分析

目的 分析6～12岁儿童上学日睡眠的影响因素。方法 2010年9－11月, 采用分层随机整群抽样方法, 根据地理特征、社会经济发展水平等因素, 以中国内地8省(直辖市、自治区)为抽样框, 抽取20 603名6～12岁儿童作为研究对象, 调查其睡眠时间及相关生活习惯。采用多因素logistic回归逐步法分析儿童睡眠时间的影响因素。结果 调查6～12岁儿童上学日平均每天的睡眠时间为9.11 h, 睡眠严重不足、睡眠不足和睡眠适中的比例分别为32.82%(7 672/20 603)、39.70%(8 179/20 603)和27.48%(5 662/20 603), 随年龄的增加, 儿童睡眠时间减少, 睡眠严重不足的比例增加。不同性别、城乡及经济水平之间儿童的睡眠时间及不同性别的小学生的睡眠构成并没有差异, 但不同地域(城市和农村)与不同经济地区儿童睡眠构成的差异有统计学意义, 农村儿童睡眠严重不足、睡眠适中的比例高于城市(χ²=59.96, χ²=45.47, P<0.05);而睡眠不足的比例低于城市的比例;经济水平高的地区儿童睡眠不足的比例最低, 构成差异有统计学意义。在调整性别、体重、饮食习惯及运动时间后, 多因素logistic回归结果显示, 对促进儿童睡眠时间满足10 h有积极保护作用的是饮食习惯中习惯吃肉、每日运动, 经济水平高和居住于城市地区。结论 我国儿童存在不良的睡眠卫生习惯;睡眠时间不足呈现低龄化, 农村儿童睡眠严重不足的现象较为常见。     

孕期体重变化率与足月产新生儿体重关联剂量反应关系的研究

目的 探讨孕期体重变化率与足月产新生儿出生体重关联强度的剂量反应关系。方法 选取2006年1月至2013年12月江苏省昆山市围产保健监测系统18 868名孕产妇与足月产新生儿为研究对象。使用多因素logistic回归及限制性立方样条法分析产妇孕期体重变化率[即(末次产检体重-初次产检体重)/(末次产检孕周-初次产检孕周)]与足月产新生儿出生体重关联强度及其剂量反应关系。调整因素包括产妇年龄、教育程度、孕前BMI、户籍状态、经产妇、初次产检孕周与胎儿性别。结果 高水平的孕期体重变化率在孕前低BMI(OR=3.15, 95%CI: 1.40~7.07)、正常BMI(OR=3.64, 95%CI: 2.84~4.66)、超重(OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.71~3.27)的产妇中与分娩足月巨大儿有统计学关联;孕前低BMI(OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.13~0.61)及正常BMI(OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.22~0.64)产妇与分娩足月低体重儿有统计学关联。孕期体重变化率与分娩足月巨大儿的关联强度呈现非线性“S”形剂量反应关系(非线性检验P<0.000 1);与分娩足月低体重儿的关联强度呈“L”形非线性剂量反应关系(非线性检验P<0.000 1)。结论 孕期体重变化率与分娩足月低体重儿的关联强度呈现“L”形曲线, 而与分娩足月巨大儿的关联强度呈现“S”形曲线。     

《天津市控制吸烟条例》实施效果的综合评价

目的 比较《天津市控制吸烟条例》(条例)实施前后连续4年的变化,综合评价控烟的成效.方法 通过天津市发病登记系统收集的心肌梗死(心梗)就诊信息,采用The Survey System进行估算,抽取有代表性的室内场所样本量进行PM_2.5监测和现场观察,以及代表性的人群样本量开展拦截及入户调查.结果 条例实施后医疗卫生、教育和政府机构以及室内候车场所内张贴禁烟标志均有较大程度提高(P< 0.01);条例规定的9类主要公共场所吸烟现象均呈现下降(P< 0.05);全人群“二手烟”暴露率下降26.5%(P< 0.01),室内工作职业人群心梗入院频数随年份出现显著下降趋势(β=-0.061,P=0.00),而同期全人群的心梗就诊例数仍然呈上升趋势(β=0.059,P=0.00).结论 条例的实施对减少吸烟和“二手烟”危害起到促进作用,应广泛宣传控烟带来的健康效益和社会效益,以促进条例的全面落实.     

Nanodiamond-based layer-by-layer nanohybrids mediate targeted delivery of miR-34a for triple negative breast cancer therapy

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer and significantly associated with poor prognosis and high risk of recurrence. miR-34a has been identified as a potent tumor suppressor whose expression is dramatically downregulated in TNBC. Currently, rectification of miRNA abnormality serves as a novel tumor therapeutic strategy. miR-34a is thus used as powerful antitumor agent for miRNA-based therapy against TNBC. However, miRNA-based antitumor therapy is challenged by effective targeted delivery of miRNA. In the present study, nanodiamond (ND), protamine (PS) and folic acid (FA) were used to construct ND-based layer-by-layer nanohybrids through a self-assembly approach for targeted miR-34a delivery in TNBC cells and xenograft TNBC tumors. We found that the targeted delivery of miR-34a remarkably suppressed cell proliferation, migration and induced the apoptosis of TNBC cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo via down-regulating Fra-1 expression. The data suggest a great potential of ND-based nanohybrids for targeted intratumoral delivery of miR-34a for TNBC therapy.

The construction of nanodiamond-based layer-by-layer nanohybrids.     

Association of Resistance Exercise With the Incidence of Hypercholesterolemia in Men

Objective

To examine the associations of resistance exercise, independent of and combined with aerobic exercise, with the risk of development of hypercholesterolemia in men.

超声与CT 联合诊断肾上腺占位病变的价值探讨

目的：探讨超声与C T联合应用诊断肾上腺占位性病变的价值。方法将病理证实的55例肾上腺肿瘤、2例囊肿及超声、C T随访确诊的13例肾上腺血肿,共70例占位性病变的超声与C T联合诊断作回顾性分析,并分别与超声、C T单项检查进行比较。结果70例肾上腺占位病变（嗜铬细胞瘤14例,髓样脂肪瘤13例,皮质腺瘤15例,皮质腺癌5例,淋巴瘤2例,转移性肿瘤6例,囊肿2例,血肿13例）,超声与C T联合应用定性诊断正确率达88．6％,而超声、C T 单项检查定性诊断正确率分别为62．8％、72．9％,联合应用与单项检查比较均有显著差异,与超声单项检查比较（χ2＝12．58,P＜0．05）,与C T单项检查比较（χ2＝5．55,P＜0．05）。结论超声与C T联合应用,可显著提高肾上腺占位性病变定性诊断正确率。     

Effect of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (缓衰口服液) on Renal Dysfunction Progression in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Objective:To investigate the effect of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid(缓衰口服液,HSR) on retarding the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS).Methods:A total of 52 ARAS patients with the Chinese medicine(CM) syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis,phlegm and dampness retention were recruited and randomly assigned into the treatment group(36 cases) and the control group(16 cases).Both groups received a basic treatment(high-quality low-protein diet,blood pressure control,lipid-lowering,correcting the acidosis,etc.).In addition,the treatment group received 20 mL HSR and the control group received placebo,3 times a day for 6 months.Renal function(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and uric acid) and blood lipids(cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein) were examined monthly.The estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and CM syndrome score were compared between groups.Results:After treatment,compared with the control group,the serum creatinine level,uric acid level and CM syndrome score of the treatment group were significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the eGFR in the treatment group were significantly increased(P0.05).Conclusion:HSR can effectively improve the renal function and clinical symptoms of ARAS patients.     

Differential Family Experience of Palliative Sedation Therapy in Specialized Palliative or Critical Care Units

Context

No study has examined the varying family experience of palliative sedation therapy (PST) for terminally ill patients in different settings.