Effect of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (缓衰口服液) on Renal Dysfunction Progression in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis

Objective:To investigate the effect of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid(缓衰口服液,HSR) on retarding the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS).Methods:A total of 52 ARAS patients with the Chinese medicine(CM) syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis,phlegm and dampness retention were recruited and randomly assigned into the treatment group(36 cases) and the control group(16 cases).Both groups received a basic treatment(high-quality low-protein diet,blood pressure control,lipid-lowering,correcting the acidosis,etc.).In addition,the treatment group received 20 mL HSR and the control group received placebo,3 times a day for 6 months.Renal function(serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and uric acid) and blood lipids(cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein) were examined monthly.The estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and CM syndrome score were compared between groups.Results:After treatment,compared with the control group,the serum creatinine level,uric acid level and CM syndrome score of the treatment group were significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),and the eGFR in the treatment group were significantly increased(P0.05).Conclusion:HSR can effectively improve the renal function and clinical symptoms of ARAS patients.     

Differential Family Experience of Palliative Sedation Therapy in Specialized Palliative or Critical Care Units

Context

No study has examined the varying family experience of palliative sedation therapy (PST) for terminally ill patients in different settings.

两种术式治疗早期慢性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效

目的：评价激光周边虹膜切除术和小梁切除术在治疗早期慢性闭角型青光眼的远期疗效。
　　方法：对98例102眼早期慢性闭角型青光眼患者,随机分为A组50例54眼行周边虹膜切除术和B组48例48眼行小梁切除术。追踪观察3~8a,比较两组术后视力、眼压、前房角、视野及杯/盘比值的变化情况。
　　结果：A 组视力下降24眼,眼压>21 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133kPa)者22眼,房角粘连>180°21眼,视野缩小21眼,C/D扩大21眼;B组依次为10眼,5眼,4眼,4眼和4眼,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
　　结论：早期慢性闭角型青光眼手术治疗,可取得良好的疗效,远期疗效小梁切除术明显优于虹膜周边切除术。     

2012年我国农村妇女宫颈癌检查状况分析

目的分析我国农村妇女宫颈癌检查项目工作现状。方法利用全国重大公共卫生项目"两癌"检查项目信息直报系统,对2012年宫颈癌检查上报数据进行分析。结果 2012年全国对35~64岁的农村妇女进行宫颈癌检查10 621 482例,任务完成率106.2%,其中东、中、西部任务完成率分别为97.2%、112.9%及102.4%。检查人群中,81.76%的妇女既往从未接受过宫颈癌检查。运用宫颈细胞学检查及醋酸/碘染色(VIA/VILI)方法进行初筛的比例分别为77.17%和18.55%。在宫颈细胞学检查中,运用TBS描述性报告阅片的比例为65.49%,巴氏分级报告的比例为34.51%。宫颈细胞学检查结果异常或可疑病例检出率为3.93%,醋酸/碘染色检查结果异常或可疑病例检出率为11.05%。宫颈癌初筛检查的可疑/异常人群中,分别有17.01%、9.66%的妇女未接受阴道镜及病理学检查。宫颈癌前病变(CINII、III)及宫颈癌检出率124.87/10万、早诊率89.60%。结论多数地区应用宫颈细胞学检查方法作为宫颈癌初筛检查手段,但应用TBS报告结果的比例和异常结果检出率尚需进一步提高,亟需加强参与宫颈癌检查的相关人员技术培训及可疑/阳性人群的管理,进一步提高宫颈癌检查效果。     

广东省某地区不同年龄段人群镉负荷水平研究

目的探究广东省某地区不同年龄段人群镉负荷水平,利用基准剂量法评估不同年龄段人群尿NAG及尿β2MG相应的尿镉参考剂量,以此对不同年龄段人群尿镉可接受阈值进行研究。方法对该地区开展基于大样本人群调查的环境流行病学研究,采集当地常住居民的尿液样本,共获得872例(男性375例,女性497例)有效样本。并以我国环境镉污染健康危害区判定标准值为肾功能损害发生临界值,应用BMDS软件对不同年龄段人群进行尿镉基准剂量估算。结果以尿NAG为效应指标的BMDL值为低年龄组4.25μg/g肌酐,高年龄组4.05μg/g肌酐;以尿β2MG为效应指标的BMDL值为低年龄组1.70μg/g肌酐,高年龄组1.58μg/g肌酐。结论在镉污染健康风险评价中,尿β2MG比尿NAG更为敏感,高年龄组人群尿镉可接受阈值低于低年龄组。在长期镉暴露过程中,高年龄组人群可能比低年龄组人群更容易发生肾功能损害。     

Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway

Background and Purpose

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a newly approved drug for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigated the effects of DMF and its metabolites mono-methylfumarate (MMF and methanol) on different gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Experimental Approach

Cell viability was measured by the MTT or CCK8 assay. Protein expressions were measured by Western blot analysis. LDH release, live- and dead-cell staining, intracellular GSH levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were examined by using commercial kits.

Key Results

DMF but not MMF induced cell necroptosis, as demonstrated by the pharmacological tool necrostatin-1, transmission electron microscopy, LDH and HMGB1 release in CT26 cells. The DMF-induced decrease in cellular GSH levels as well as cell viability and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were inhibited by co-treatment with GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in CT26 cells. DMF activated JNK, p38 and ERK MAPKs in CT26 cells and JNK, p38 and ERK inhibitors partially reversed the DMF-induced decrease in cell viability. GSH or NAC treatment inhibited DMF-induced JNK, p38, and ERK activation in CT26 cells. DMF but not MMF increased autophagy responses in SGC-7901, HCT116, HT29 and CT26 cancer cells, but autophagy inhibition did not prevent the DMF-induced decrease in cell viability.

Conclusion and Implications

DMF but not its metabolite MMF induced necroptosis in colon cancer cells through a mechanism involving the depletion of GSH, an increase in ROS and activation of MAPKs.     

Do the fragments from decomposed ZIF-8 greatly affect some of the intramolecular proton-transfer of thymine? A quantum chemical study

The intramolecular proton-transfer processes of thymine were investigated by the density functional theory method. It is shown that the mutation from keto (T) to enol (T′) form is affected by zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) fragments such as single 2-methylimidazole neutral crystals (M), and negatively charged 2-methylimidazole ligands (M⁻). Results show that with the number (n) of water (w) molecules that assist proton-transfer increasing from 1 to 4, the order of the tautomeric energy barriers (in kcal mol⁻¹) is T-2w (16.3) < T-1w (17.6) < T-3w (17.8) < T-4w (20.5). In the presence of M, the order of energy barrier is MT-2w (16.6) < MT-1w (17.7) < MT-3w (18.9) < MT-4w (20.8). M⁻ has a catalysis effect on the energy barrier and the order is M⁻T-2w (14.4) < M⁻T-3w (15.2) < M⁻T-1w (16.3) < M⁻T-4w (16.8). The attachment of the M⁻ fragment slightly promotes the proton-transfer processes in some instances. The characterization of the proton-transfer processes is helpful to understand the genotoxicity of ZIF-8 during drug delivery applications.

Investigations on whether fragments from decomposed ZIF-8 would affect the intramolecular proton-transfer of thymine by DFT modeling.