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991.
Traditional state Medicaid programs that adopt an open managed care model must adapt their oversight from a single drug formulary to multiple formularies. Following the workshop, participants should be able to identify and describe successful strategies for obtaining and analyzing data needed to evaluate appropriateness of multiple drug formularies. Practical experience with obtaining information and creating a database containing multiple formularies, procedures to incorporate analysis of drug therapy by disease sate, and different methods used to categorize drugs for evaluation will be presented. These will be demonstrated by comparing medications used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease by Medicaid managed care formularies in the state of Tennessee. This workshop is intended for government and healthcare industry decision makers and others involved in quality control and improvement. 相似文献
992.
993.
Liberman L; Evans WP rd; Dershaw DD; Hann LE; Deutch BM; Abramson AF; Rosen PP 《Radiology》1994,190(1):223
994.
995.
Patellar tendinosis (jumper's knee): findings at histopathologic examination, US, and MR imaging. Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
996.
997.
This paper describes what the Wellcome Trust has done and aims to do
through its population initiative. The Trust is required to spend its funds
to improve the physical welfare of mankind, and in this context there can
be no more important issue than the rapid changes that are occurring in the
human population. The Trust's first involvement was to help fund the New
Delhi population summit covered by the world's scientific academics in 1993
and, following discussions with authorities in the field, initiated its
funding programme in 1995. Through this programme, the Trust hopes to bring
about improved understanding of the relationship between reproductive
health, population growth, and sustainable development and create cadres of
high quality research scientists in relevant disciplines. Uniquely, funding
is available under this programme to suitably qualified applicants from any
country other than the USA.
相似文献
998.
999.
Renus J Dortmans BSc BM BS Brian S. McKenny Glen A Gole MD FRACO FRACS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1989,17(4):417-425
Abstract
Eccentric photorefraction (EPR) is a simple photographic technique for detecting amblyopiogenic conditions. Previous EPR studies to detect refractive errors (RE) have demonstrated high sensitivity but poor predictive value. We have established new criteria for detecting RE involving quantifying retinoscopic reflex crescent widths, thereby achieving 67% predictive value with 100% sensitivity for detecting RE ≥+ 3.5 D in a clinical study of 69 children.
Optical analysis of EPR shows that anticrescent width (light crescent-free portion of the pupil) is independent of pupil diameter. Quantifying anti-crescent widths in the above clinical trial increased the predictive value to 85%.
Schematic eye and human eye EPR studies verify the theoretical prediction that similar ability to detect refractive errors is maintained when the working distance and eccentricity (distance of light source from lens edge) are reduced.
These improvements in EPR reduce its cost and improve its yield; both are essential for its introduction as an acceptable community screening tool. 相似文献
Eccentric photorefraction (EPR) is a simple photographic technique for detecting amblyopiogenic conditions. Previous EPR studies to detect refractive errors (RE) have demonstrated high sensitivity but poor predictive value. We have established new criteria for detecting RE involving quantifying retinoscopic reflex crescent widths, thereby achieving 67% predictive value with 100% sensitivity for detecting RE ≥+ 3.5 D in a clinical study of 69 children.
Optical analysis of EPR shows that anticrescent width (light crescent-free portion of the pupil) is independent of pupil diameter. Quantifying anti-crescent widths in the above clinical trial increased the predictive value to 85%.
Schematic eye and human eye EPR studies verify the theoretical prediction that similar ability to detect refractive errors is maintained when the working distance and eccentricity (distance of light source from lens edge) are reduced.
These improvements in EPR reduce its cost and improve its yield; both are essential for its introduction as an acceptable community screening tool. 相似文献
1000.
Storb R; Raff RF; Appelbaum FR; Schuening FW; Sandmaier BM; Graham TC; Thomas ED 《Blood》1988,72(4):1300-1304
In view of reported attempts at marrow grafting after nuclear accidents with a broad range of radiation exposures, the present study explored the total-body irradiation (TBI) conditions needed for engraftment in a canine model by using marrow from DLA-identical littermates. Previous studies have shown that such grafts are consistently successful when recipients are exposed to 920 cGy of TBI delivered at a rate of 7 cGy/min from opposing dual cobalt sources. The present TBI doses were all in the lethal range. Five dogs were administered 450 cGy; seven dogs, 600 cGy; five dogs, 700 cGy; and five dogs, 800 cGy of TBI administered at 7 cGy/min. They received a median of 3.3 x 10(8) marrow cells/kg intravenously after completion of radiation. Results showed transient allogeneic marrow engraftment in all dogs administered the lowest dose of TBI studied (450 cGy). Importantly, transient grafts permitted four of five dogs to live long enough for autologous marrow recovery to occur. At increasing radiation doses, 600, 700, and 800 cGy, the risk of graft failure lessened, with 3 of 7, 2 of 5, and 1 of 5 dogs, respectively, showing graft rejection. Fewer dogs survived with autologous marrow recovery, and more showed sustained allogeneic engraftment (4 of 7, 3 of 5, and 4 of 5 dogs, respectively). We conclude that DLA-identical littermate marrow grafts are beneficial in the setting of otherwise lethal radiation exposures, with most dogs either experiencing sustained allogeneic engraftment or surviving with autologous marrow recovery due to the extended support provided by a transient allogeneic graft. 相似文献