全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18013篇 |
免费 | 1117篇 |
国内免费 | 141篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 112篇 |
儿科学 | 501篇 |
妇产科学 | 371篇 |
基础医学 | 2904篇 |
口腔科学 | 342篇 |
临床医学 | 1474篇 |
内科学 | 4568篇 |
皮肤病学 | 321篇 |
神经病学 | 1809篇 |
特种医学 | 472篇 |
外科学 | 1366篇 |
综合类 | 49篇 |
一般理论 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 1416篇 |
眼科学 | 214篇 |
药学 | 1349篇 |
中国医学 | 62篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1936篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 194篇 |
2022年 | 387篇 |
2021年 | 666篇 |
2020年 | 397篇 |
2019年 | 546篇 |
2018年 | 592篇 |
2017年 | 490篇 |
2016年 | 548篇 |
2015年 | 600篇 |
2014年 | 764篇 |
2013年 | 1014篇 |
2012年 | 1639篇 |
2011年 | 1641篇 |
2010年 | 906篇 |
2009年 | 818篇 |
2008年 | 1312篇 |
2007年 | 1215篇 |
2006年 | 1169篇 |
2005年 | 1009篇 |
2004年 | 921篇 |
2003年 | 774篇 |
2002年 | 658篇 |
2001年 | 90篇 |
2000年 | 68篇 |
1999年 | 105篇 |
1998年 | 124篇 |
1997年 | 100篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
Silvia Barril Ana Alonso José Antonio Rodríguez-Portal Margarita Viladot Jordi Giner Francisco Aparicio Ana Romero-Ortiz Orlando Acosta Diego Castillo 《Archivos de bronconeumología》2018,54(3):123-127
Introduction
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and, in particular, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may have a significant impact on patient survival. Recent studies highlight the need for palliative care (PC) in the management of ILD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the current situation of PC in patients in Spain.Methods
A 36-question survey addressing the main aspects of PC in ILD patients was designed. The survey was sent via email to all members of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery. Participation was voluntary.Results
One hundred and sixty-four participants responded to the survey. Ninety-eight percent said they were interested in PC, 46% had received specific training, and 44% reported being responsible for PC in their ILD patients. Symptom control and end-of-life stage were the most frequent reasons for referral to PC teams. Regarding end-of-life, 78% reported consensual agreement with patients on the limitation of therapeutic efforts, 35% helped prepare an end-of-life advance directive, and 22% agreed on the place of death.Conclusion
Despite the well-known need for PC in patients with ILD and the notable interest of the survey participants in this subject, there are clear formative and organizational gaps that should be addressed to improve care in this area in ILD patients in Spain. 相似文献182.
Paolo Angeli Guillermo Fernández-Varo Virna Dalla Libera Silvano Fasolato Alessandra Galioto Vicente Arroyo Antonietta Sticca Silvia Guarda Angelo Gatta Wladimiro Jiménez 《Liver international》2005,25(2):429-437
BACKGROUND: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of splanchnic arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis has been recently debated by some experimental studies. AIMS: We investigated the role of NO in the pathogenesis of the splanchnic arterial vasodilation along the course of CCl(4)-induced experimental cirrhosis. METHODS: We analyzed the effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and resistance in the superior mesenteric artery (RSMA), before and after the administration of a unspecific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester, L-NAME) and a specific NOS2 inhibitor (L-N-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine, L-NIL) to cirrhotic rats with and without ascites, and to control rats. NOS2 and NOS3 protein expression was also assessed in systemic and splanchnic arteries of these animals. RESULTS: L-NAME in cirrhotic rats markedly improved MAP, and TPR and decreased CO regardless of whether they had ascites or not. L-NIL did not produce any significant effect on systemic haemodynamics in control and cirrhotic rats. NOS3 overexpression in the aorta of cirrhotic animals paralleled the progression of the liver disease. L-NAME increased RSMA in cirrhotic rats, but this effect was much less intense in rats with ascites. L-NIL had an effect only on RSMA in rats with ascites, which was of a similar extent to that produced by L-NAME. Western blot experiment showed a faint overexpression of NOS3 in the mesenteric artery of cirrhotic rats with and without ascites and a clear induction of NOS2 only in the mesenteric artery of rats with ascites. Conclusions: These results indicate that NO contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of arterial splanchnic circulation in the early stages of experimental cirrhosis but has only a minor role in its maintenance after the development of ascites. Furthermore, the expression of the different NOS isoforms varies along the course of the liver disease. 相似文献
183.
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology - Clinical evidences suggest a causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the dopaminergic system, and several studies described an alteration of... 相似文献
184.
Rahul S. Bhansali Malini Rammohan Paul Lee Anouchka P. Laurent Qiang Wen Praveen Suraneni Bon Ham Yip Yi-Chien Tsai Silvia Jenni Beat Bornhauser Aurlie Siret Corinne Fruit Alexandra Pacheco-Benichou Ethan Harris Thierry Besson Benjamin J. Thompson Young Ah Goo Nobuko Hijiya Maria Vilenchik Shai Izraeli Jean-Pierre Bourquin Sbastien Malinge John D. Crispino 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2021,131(1)
185.
Silvia Jiménez-Morales Nora Martínez-Aguilar Roberto Gamboa-Becerra Juan Luis Jiménez-Ruíz Diana López-Ley Hong Lou Yolanda Saldaña-Alvarez Michael Dean Lorena Orozco 《Human immunology》2013
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, which induces airway remodelling of the extracellular matrix over time. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in this process, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP genes may influence their mRNA expression levels or abilities to bind substrates and inhibitors, thereby contributing to asthma predisposition and severity. MMP-9 is highly expressed in airways and many studies support its involvement in asthma pathogenesis; however the contribution of MMP-9 SNPs is controversial. To investigate whether MMP-9 SNPs are associated with childhood-onset asthma in Mexican patients we conducted a case-control study including 403 children with clinical asthma diagnoses and 426 healthy controls from Mexico. The cases and controls were matched by ethnicity and gender. We found that the SNPs rs2274755, rs17577, and rs3918249 were associated with asthma risk. The most significant associations were with rs2274755 (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.31–3.39, P = 0.001) and rs17577 (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.29–3.30, P = 0.001); which were in strong linkage disequilibrium. Both SNPs were also associated with atopic asthma (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.44–3·96, P = 0.0005). The SNP rs3918249 exhibited a female gender-dependent association with asthma (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.14–2.43, P = 0.007). Our results suggest that MMP-9 polymorphisms could play a role in the susceptibility to childhood-onset asthma. 相似文献
186.
Orietta D'Orlando Fang Zhao Brigitte Kasper Zane Orinska Jürgen Müller Irm Hermans‐Borgmeyer Gillian M. Griffiths Udo Zur Stadt Silvia Bulfone‐Paus 《European journal of immunology》2013,43(1):194-208
Syntaxin 11 (STX11) controls vesicular trafficking and is a key player in exocytosis. Since Stx11 mutations are causally associated with a familial hemophagocytic lymphohistio‐cytosis, we wanted to clarify whether STX11 is functionally important for key immune cell populations. This was studied in primary cells obtained from newly generated Stx11?/? mice. Our data revealed that STX11 is not only widely expressed in different immune cells, but also induced upon LPS or IFN‐γ treatment. However, Stx11 deficiency does not affect macrophage phagocytic function and cytokine secretion, mast cell activation, or antigen presentation by DCs. Instead, STX11 selectively controls lymphocyte cytotoxicity in NK and activated CD8+ T cells and degranulation in neutrophils. Stx11?/? NK cells and CTLs show impaired degranulation, despite a comparable activation, maturation and expression of the complex‐forming partners MUNC18–2 and VTI1B. In addition, Stx11?/? CTLs and NK cells produce abnormal levels of IFN‐γ. Since functional reconstitution rescues the defective phenotype of Stx11?/? CTLs, we suggest a direct, specific and key role of STX11 in controlling lymphocyte cytotoxicity, cytokine production and secretion. Finally, we show that these mice are a very useful tool for dissecting the role of STX11 in vesicular trafficking and secretion. 相似文献
187.
Carles Ubeda Vanni Bucci Silvia Caballero Ana Djukovic Nora C. Toussaint Michele Equinda Lauren Lipuma Lilan Ling Asia Gobourne Daniel No Ying Taur Robert R. Jenq Marcel R. M. van den Brink Joao B. Xavier Eric G. Pamer 《Infection and immunity》2013,81(3):965-973
Bacteria causing infections in hospitalized patients are increasingly antibiotic resistant. Classical infection control practices are only partially effective at preventing spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within hospitals. Because the density of intestinal colonization by the highly antibiotic-resistant bacterium vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) can exceed 109 organisms per gram of feces, even optimally implemented hygiene protocols often fail. Decreasing the density of intestinal colonization, therefore, represents an important approach to limit VRE transmission. We demonstrate that reintroduction of a diverse intestinal microbiota to densely VRE-colonized mice eliminates VRE from the intestinal tract. While oxygen-tolerant members of the microbiota are ineffective at eliminating VRE, administration of obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria to mice results in a billionfold reduction in the density of intestinal VRE colonization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of intestinal bacterial populations isolated from mice that cleared VRE following microbiota reconstitution revealed that recolonization with a microbiota that contains Barnesiella correlates with VRE elimination. Characterization of the fecal microbiota of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation demonstrated that intestinal colonization with Barnesiella confers resistance to intestinal domination and bloodstream infection with VRE. Our studies indicate that obligate anaerobic bacteria belonging to the Barnesiella genus enable clearance of intestinal VRE colonization and may provide novel approaches to prevent the spread of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 相似文献
188.
Fabiana Cardoso Vilela Silvia Graciela Ruginsk Carla Martins de Melo Alexandre Giusti-Paiva 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2013,465(8):1197-1207
It has been shown that glucocorticoids can modulate oxytocin (OT) secretion and disrupt maternal behaviour. Because the CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been implicated in some rapid glucocorticoid-induced actions, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible involvement of CB1Rs in maternal behaviour and neuronal activation during lactation. For this purpose, lactating female rats were pre-treated with dexamethasone (DEX) or saline, followed by treatment with AM251, a CB1R antagonist, or vehicle 90 min later. All of the experiments were performed 30 min after the administration of AM251 or vehicle. To evaluate maternal behaviour, the pups were returned to their home cages to the side of the cage opposite the previous nest after 12 h of separation and were filmed for the next 30 min. Aggressive behaviour was evaluated for 10 min following the placement of a male rat in the home cage. For the evaluation of behavioural performance, lactating rats were subjected to a T-maze and open-field tests. The amount of weight gained by the pups was evaluated 15 min after the onset of suckling to determine the amount of milk that they had obtained from the dam. In the central nervous system of lactating rats, c-Fos-positive nuclei were counted in the medial preoptic area, in both the ventral (v) and dorsal (d) parts of the median preoptic nucleus and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The number of neurons that were double-labelled for c-Fos/OT was counted in the medial magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus, in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus and in the supraoptic nucleus of the lactating rats. The results show that DEX had the following effects: (1) decreased the amount time the dam spent licking the pups, the amount of time the dam spent in an arched-nursing position and full maternal behaviour; (2) increased the latency to the first attack and decreased front attacks; (3) increased anxiety-like behaviour; and (4) decreased weight gain in the pups. In addition, DEX decreased neuronal activation in all of the investigated hypothalamic and forebrain areas. AM251 administration reversed these parameters, indicating that the behavioural effects and neuronal responses produced by DEX in lactating rats are likely to be mediated by CB1Rs. 相似文献
189.
Filippo Morando Silvia Rosi Silvano Fasolato Marta Cavallin Elisabetta Gola Angelo Gatta Paolo Angeli MD PhD 《Journal of medical virology》2013,85(2):210-213
This is a case of 62 years old Caucasian treatment‐naïve patient who developed a severe acute hepatitis B infection soon after a trip to Thailand. The infection was due to genotype C HBV which was found to be resistant to lamivudine and telbivudine. The patient was treated with tenofovir resulting in complete suppression of viral replication and complete clinical and laboratory remission of acute hepatitis. Later the patient also developed seroconversion of HBeAg to anti‐HBe and of HBsAg to anti‐HBs. This case demonstrates that mutations of HBV polymerase associated with lamivudine, telbivudine, and adefovir resistance can be present also in untreated patients with severe acute hepatitis B. This suggests that in the clinical context, which represents a life threatening condition, a baseline resistance‐testing should be an additional marker in the diagnostic evaluation process. Finally, this case report seems to support the use of tenofovir for the immediate treatment of severe acute hepatitis B. J. Med. Virol. 85:210–213, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
190.
Niki Antypa Raffaella Calati Daniel Souery Silvia Pellegrini Othman Sentissi Daniela Amital Ulrike Moser Stuart Montgomery Siegfried Kasper Joseph Zohar Diana De Ronchi Julien Mendlewicz Alessandro Serretti 《Journal of affective disorders》2013