72例鼻咽结核的临床分析

目的 探讨鼻咽结核的诊断与治疗。方法 对72例经活检病理证实的鼻咽结核进行回顾性分析。结果 72例患者中男性31例，女性41例，男女比例为1：1．32，平均年龄为30．7岁；鼻咽结核以局部症状为特征，颈淋巴结肿大发生率为79．2％（57／72）；鼻咽结核在临床上误诊率较高；抗结核治疗9～12个月治愈，随访1～5年，未见复发。结论 近年来鼻咽结核有增加的趋势，尤以原发性病例居多。鼻咽镜活检可确诊，规则抗结核治疗可治愈。     

Intestinal signaling to GABAergic neurons regulates a rhythmic behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Caenorhabditis elegans defecation motor program (DMP) is a highly coordinated rhythmic behavior that requires two GABAergic neurons that synapse onto the enteric muscles. One class of DMP mutants, called anterior body wall muscle contraction and expulsion defective (aex) mutants, exhibits similar defects to those caused by the loss of these two neurons. Here, we demonstrate that aex-2 encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and aex-4 encodes an exocytic SNAP25 homologue. We found that aex-2 functions in the nervous system and activates a G(s)alpha signaling pathway to regulate defecation. aex-4, on the other hand, functions in the intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, we show that aex-5, which encodes a pro-protein convertase, functions in the intestine to regulate the DMP and that its secretion from the intestine is impaired in aex-4 mutants. Activation of the G(s)alpha GPCR pathway in GABAergic neurons can suppress the defecation defect of the intestinal mutants aex-4 and aex-5. Lastly, we demonstrate that activation of GABAergic neurons using the light-gated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 is sufficient to suppress the behavioral defects of aex-2, aex-4, and aex-5. These results genetically place intestinal genes aex-4 and aex-5 upstream of GABAergic GPCR signaling. We propose a model whereby the intestinal genes aex-4 and aex-5 control the DMP by regulating the secretion of a signal, which activates the neuronal receptor aex-2.     

Modulation of platelet and leucocyte function by a Chinese herbal formulation as compared with conventional antiplatelet agents

Platelet and leucocyte activity are important in the acute development of thrombosis and in the pathogenesis of ischaemic vascular disease. Dan Shen Di Wan (DS, Cardiotonic Pill or Dantonic(R) Pill) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal formulations for treating patients with atherosclerotic disease in China and several Asian countries. We studied the effect of DS on platelet and leucocyte function and compared the effects with conventional antiplatelet agents, cangrelor (ADP P2Y(12) receptor antagonist) and aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid, ASA). Measurements were made by platelet aggregation (%) and activation (CD62P %), platelet-monocyte conjugate formation (P/M, CD42a median fluorescence, mf), platelet-neutrophil conjugate formation (P/N, mf), and leucocyte activation (CD11b median fluorescence on monocytes and neutrophils, mf) in response to 3.3 micromol/L adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 1.0 micromol/L platelet activating factor (PAF), 5.0 micromol/L adrenaline and 0.5 microg/mL collagen. We also evaluated the effect of its main component, water soluble extract of salvia miltiorrhiza (SME) on intracellular calcium mobilization in platelets triggered by 10 micromol/L ADP, 10 micromol/L PAF, 2 microg/mL collagen and 15 micromol/L thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). Overall DS showed inhibition of platelet aggregation, platelet activation, platelet-leucocyte conjugate formation and leucocyte activation in response to all the agonists apart from adrenaline (all p < 0.01). DS showed inhibition of platelet aggregation and leucocyte activation equivalent to cangrelor 100 nmol/L and ASA 100 micromol/L. SME dose-dependently inhibited intracellular calcium mobilization in platelets following stimulation with all the platelet agonists with maximum effective at 0.36 mg/mL (all p < 0.01). When used at 0.18 mg/mL its inhibitory effect was equivalent to cangrelor and ASA. We conclude that DS is a potential inhibitor of both platelet and leucocyte activation.     

Molecular bases of antithrombin deficiency in French families: identification of seven novel mutations in the antithrombin gene

We have investigated the molecular bases of familial antithrombin deficiency in eight French families. Eight mutations in the antithrombin coding exons were identified, seven of which were novel mutations. In all cases, individuals were heterozygous for the mutation. We found two small frameshift deletions in exon 3a, leading to type I deficiency. Five missense mutations in exons 3b or 5 also caused type I deficiency and their potential consequences on the antithrombin three-dimensional structure were analysed. The last mutation in exon 4 was associated with a type II 'reactive site' deficiency: a dysfunctional antithrombin that is affected in its interaction with thrombin was present in circulation.     

射频消蚀术并发症及其防治

３４４例射频消蚀术中出现并发症９例（２．６％），其中心脏破裂致死１例（０．３％），ＩＩＩ度房室传导阻滞３例（０．９％），心室颤动２例（０．６％），主动脉瓣损伤、大头导管误入冠状动脉引起冠状动脉一过性缺血及股动脉术后出血形成巨大皮下血肿各１例。对各种并发症的防治进行了分析讨论。提出经验不足是产生并发症的主要原因。     

A cardiac hydatid cyst involving the basal interventricular septum causing biventricular outflow tract obstruction

We report a case of a 37-year-old sheep-raising man with a cardiac hydatid cyst involving the basal interventricular septum causing biventricular outflow obstruction. He suffered from multi-organ hydatidosis and underwent cerebral hydatid cyst extirpation and right nephrectomy for renal echinococcosis. The diagnosis of the cyst was obtained by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive hemagglutination test. He was operated on for cardiac hydatid cyst using enucleation and capitonnage procedure under extracorporeal circulation. The morbidity was complete atrioventricular block, necessitating VDD pacemaker implantation. This was followed by medical treatment with albendazole (400 mg/day).     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值在重症肺炎支原体肺炎中的诊断价值北大核心CSCD

目的研究中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)及血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)在重症肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月苏州大学附属儿童医院住院的616例MPP患儿(MPP组)的临床资料和实验室数据,选取同期100例健康体检儿童为健康对照组。采用t检验或秩和检验比较MPP组与健康对照组、重症MPP组与普通MPP组间的NLR及PLR的差异。筛选出影响重症MPP的危险因素,描绘受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并寻找最佳截断点。结果1.MPP组患儿白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞数(N)、血小板计数(PLT)、NLR、PLR、免疫球蛋白(Ig)M的中位数及CD3^(-)CD_(19)^(+)、CD_(19)^(+)CD_(23)^(+)百分比的中位数均高于健康对照组[8.36×10^(9)/L比7.49×10^(9)/L、4.41×10^(9)/L比3.11×10^(9)/L、340.92×10^(9)/L比234.00×10^(9)/L、1.70比0.91、112.99比70.34、1.33 g/L比1.29 g/L、20.95%比17.10%、11.25%比9.70%];淋巴细胞数(L)、IgA的中位数及CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)、CD3^(-)CD_((16+56))^(+)百分比的中位数均低于健康对照组[2.64×10^(9)/L比3.37×10^(9)/L、0.86 g/L比1.30 g/L、64.55%比68.00%、23.65%比24.90%、10.50%比12.20%],差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.074、-2.413、-2.972、-1.357、-1.863、-2.251、-4.282、-3.420、-2.221、-4.181、-2.784、-2.024、-2.791,均P<0.05)。2.重症MPP组患儿N、NLR、PLR、IgA、IgG、IgM的中位数及CD3^(+)、CD3^(+)CD8^(+)百分比均高于普通MPP组[5.18×10^(9)/L比3.52×10^(9)/L、2.39比1.03、149.32比94.23、1.29 g/L比0.71 g/L、9.63 g/L比8.19 g/L、1.40 g/L比1.29 g/L、(65.53±9.75)%比(62.81±9.89)%、(25.35±6.65)%比(23.38±6.91)%];L的中位数、CD3^(-)CD_(19)^(+)、CD_(19)^(+)CD_(23)^(+)百分比的中位数均低于普通MPP组(2.02×10^(9)/L比3.25×10^(9)/L、17.40%比21.50%、9.00%比11.70%),差异均有统计学意义(Z/t=-7.807、-11.313、-10.452、-8.819、-6.162、-3.047、-3.128、-3.270、-9.402、-5.191、-5.214,均P<0.05)。3.通过单因素和多因素的Logistic回归分析发现,CD3^(-)CD_(19)^(+)是患儿发生重症MPP的保护因素;N、NLR、PLR是患重症MPP的危险因素(均P<0.05),且相对危险度由高到低依次为NLR>PLR>N。4.NLR、PLR诊断重症MPP的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为:NLR(AUC=0.789,95%CI:0.754~0.823,P<0.001);PLR(AUC=0.767,95%CI:0.730~0.804,P<0.001)。当NLR的截断值为1.09时,敏感性为98.9%,特异性为70.6%;当PLR的截断值为97.47时,敏感性为88.5%,特异性为69.4%。结论NLR、PLR可作为发生重症MPP的独立影响因素,对诊断重症MPP有一定价值。     

儿童急性肺源性心脏病的发病机制

急性肺源性心脏病通常继发于严重肺部疾病或肺循环障碍所导致的肺动脉高压,以急性右心功能障碍、右心衰竭为主要特征。其中,低氧血症、高碳酸血症及正压通气均可导致肺动脉高压的发生。在危重患儿救治过程中,特别是呼吸支持过程中,应早期识别急性肺源性心脏病,考虑实施以右心功能监护和保护为核心的"肺保护"及"循环保护"。     

基于基因表达综合数据库筛选调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病超高剂量率放疗敏感性的枢纽基因

目的 通过生物信息学方法对基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中超高剂量率(FLASH)放疗的数据进行分析,寻找参与调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病FLASH放疗敏感性的枢纽(Hub)基因。方法 从GEO数据库中下载和提取接受FLASH放疗恶性肿瘤基因表达谱芯片数据,采用R软件进行差异基因的筛选,并对这些基因进行生物学功能、信号传导通路等分析。通过STRING在线软件分析差异基因的蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络,Cytoscape插件筛选Hub基因。最后,应用肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)和GTEx数据库验证Hub基因在急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达情况。结果 自GEO数据库中获得GSE100718芯片数据,共有12 800个基因与急性T淋巴细胞白血病放疗敏感性相关。选择表达量显著改变的61个基因进行进一步分析,这些基因参与代谢、应激反应、免疫应答等生物学过程。主要涉及氧化磷酸化、未折叠蛋白应答、脂质代谢等信号转导通路。通过PPI分析筛选出的Hub基因及后续验证表明HSPA5及SCD参与调控FLASH放疗敏感性,且在合并TRD/LMO2融合基因的急性T淋巴细胞白血病中显著高表达。结论 通过生物信息学分析可以有效筛选出调控FLASH放疗敏感性的Hub基因,基因表达谱可用于指导肿瘤患者分层以实现精准放疗。     

18F-FDG PET/CT纹理分析在肺癌与肺结核的高代谢孤立性肺结节鉴别诊断中的增益价值

目的 探讨18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG） PET/CT纹理分析在肺癌与肺结核的高代谢孤立性肺结节（SPN）鉴别诊断中的增益价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年6月在内蒙古赤峰市医院和北京大学肿瘤医院行18F-FDG PET/CT检查且结果表现为高代谢[最大标准化摄取值（SUV_max）≥2.5]的108例SPN患者的临床资料,其中男性68例、女性40例,年龄35~72岁,中位年龄50岁;肺结核患者45例（肺结核组）、肺癌患者63例（肺癌组）。所有患者均经组织病理学检查结果确诊。分析所有患者18F-FDG PET/CT图像SPN的良恶性（主观定性诊断）,并计算错判率、灵敏度和特异度。采用MaZda纹理分析软件分别对CT和PET图像中的SPN横断面最大层面及相邻上下两层图像手动勾画ROI并提取纹理特征参数。分别采用Fisher系数、分类错误概率+平均相关系数、交互信息以及三者联合的方法（FPM）筛选具有鉴别意义的纹理特征。对筛选出的纹理特征进行原始数据、主成分、线性分类和非线性分类的分析,对SPN的良恶性进行鉴别,以错判率评价其鉴别效能。计量资料的组间比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料的组间比较采用χ2检验。对错判率最低的各纹理特征参数分别进行受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析,筛选最具鉴别意义的前3位纹理特征。 结果 肺癌组与肺结核组患者在年龄[54（42~72）岁对47（35~64）岁]、SUV_max[（9.51±4.65）对（5.35±2.89）]间的差异均有统计学意义（t=2.180、2.520,均P<0.05）;在性别、SPN长径间的差异均无统计学意义（χ2=0.070,t=0.675,均P>0.05）。主观定性诊断高代谢SPN良恶性的错判率为26.9%（29/108）、灵敏度为93.7%(59/63)、特异度为35.9%（14/39）。基于SUV_max的ROC曲线分析,SUV_max临界值为5.3时错判率为25.0%（27/108）,其与主观定性诊断的错判率差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.096,P>0.05）。CT和PET图像基于FPM联合非线性分类分析诊断的错判率最低,分别为8.33%和1.85%,两者间的差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.694,P<0.05）;其与主观定性诊断和基于SUV_max的ROC曲线分析比较,错判率的差异均有统计学意义（χ2=10.800、27.457,均P<0.05）。最具鉴别意义的前3位纹理特征分别为灰度游程矩阵中的垂直方向长行程补偿、灰度游程矩阵中的135°方向长行程补偿和灰度共生矩阵中的逆差距。 结论 MaZda纹理分析鉴别高代谢SPN良恶性的诊断效能较主观诊断高,在肺癌与肺结核的高代谢SPN的鉴别诊断中具有增益价值。