CT analysis and histopathology of bone remodeling in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the findings of computed tomography (CT) and histopathology of the bulla ethmoidalis as objective markers of bone remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS: Preoperative ostiomeatal unit (OMU) scans and histopathologic findings of the bulla ethmoidalis were performed on 23 patients (39 sides) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS. Lund-Mackay scores and Hounsfield units (HU) of the bulla were checked in coronal CT scans. The pathologist graded the severities of the mucosal and bony changes in histopathology. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: The HU values of the bulla were significantly increased with higher Lund-Mackay scores in OMU CT (r = 0.405, P = 0.01). The bony grades in histopathology were significantly increased with higher mucosal grades (r = 0.821, P = 0.0001). These findings in CT scans and histopathology were well correlated with each other (r > 0.3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HU may be a useful objective marker of bone remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis.     

ENDOTHELIN RECEPTORS IN RAT ADRENAL GLAND VISUALIZED BY QUANTITATIVE AUTORADIOGRAPHY

1. The radioligand [125I]-endothelin was used to map receptors for endothelin in rat adrenal gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry. 2. In the adrenal, a high density of binding was found in the adrenal medulla (binding affinity constant 0.18 +/- 0.11 X 10(9)M-1) and zona glomerulosa (binding affinity constant 0.18 +/- 0.07 X 10(9)M-1). Binding was low to undetectable in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Unrelated peptides did not displace endothelin. 3. These results provide evidence of endothelin receptor distribution in adrenal gland and suggest that endothelin might exert multiple actions in the adrenal gland on catecholamine and aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion.     

Effect of CO2 laser irradiation on experimental fracture healing: a transmission electron microscopic study

The healing of standardized fracture of rabbit radius was expedited as a result of treatment with low-power CO2 laser irradiation. Observation with transmission electron microscope revealed the following favorable effects of CO2 laser irradiation: The red blood cells were induced to disintegrate, thus promoting the absorption of the hematoma. The macrophages emerged early and increased in number so that debridement of the necrotic tissues was enhanced. The fibroblasts were more active in producing the fibrous callus. The chondrocytes were unusually active in forming bone tissues. The early and sustained appearance of osteoclasts favored the bone remodeling process. Increased capillary formation endowed the fracture healing with rich blood supply. Deposition of calcium salts took place early.     

Whole-Body [18F]FDG PET in the Management of Metastatic Brain Tumours

Summary Background To determine its roles in the diagnosis and the systemic evaluation of metastatic brain tumours, whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) using [¹⁸F]FDG was performed in 20 consecutive patients. Methods  All patients were thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from metastatic brain tumours. Nine patients had multiple brain lesions; six were older and showed a rim-enhancing lesion with surrounding oedema; seven had homogeneously enhancing periventricular lesion(s) on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, thought to be central nervous system lymphomas. Two patients had skull mass(es) and two patients had a solid mass suspected to be, respectively, a haemorrhagic metastasis and a metastatic malignant melanoma. All of them received whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET and conventional systemic work-up for metastasis in order to compare the results of the two methods. Results  Metastatic brain tumours were diagnosed on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET in eleven patients who had extracranial and intracranial hypermetabolic lesions. In nine of these, a conventional work-up also detected primary lesions which on whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET were seen to be hypermetabolic foci. Systemic lymph node metastases were detected by whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET only in two patients and histological diagnosis was possible by biopsy of lymph nodes rather than of brain lesions. In the remaining nine patients who had only intracranial hypermetabolic foci, histological diagnosis was made by craniotomy or stereotactic biopsy. It was confirmed that seven of nine patients were suffering from a primary brain tumour and two from metastatic carcinoma. None of the nine showed evidence of systemic cancer on conventional work-up. Histological diagnoses of the primary brain tumours were four cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma and one each of multifocal glioblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and cavernous angioma.  Patients felt no discomfort during the whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET procedure and there were no complications. The false negative rate in [¹⁸F]FDG PET and in conventional work-up was 15.4% and 30.7% respectively. There were no false positives on either [¹⁸F]FDG PET or conventional work-up. Conclusion  It is suggested that whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET is a safe, reliable, and convenient method for the diagnosis and systemic evaluation of patients thought to be suffering or needing to be differentiated from a metastatic brain tumour.     

Wirkung des Äthylazetatextraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium auf Plasmodium falciparumIn Vitro

Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung des ?thylazetatextraktes von Chrysanthemum morifolium auf P. falciparum wurde in vitro untersucht. W?hrend sich die Parasit?mie bei der Kontrollgruppe bis zu 10. 90 % entwickelte, wurde bei dem mit ?thylazetatextrakt in einer Konzentration von 100 μg/ml Medium am 5. Tag der Kultur eine signifikante Hemmwirkung auf die Parasiten beobachtet. Die Parasit?mie blieb bei 1. 00 %.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Stiftung von “National Nature Science Foundation of China” finanziert (No. 39260066)     

Novel pluripotential neural progenitor lines exhibiting rapid controlled differentiation to neurotransmitter receptor‐expressing neurons and glia

The immortalization of progenitor cells from embryonic murine hippocampus using oncogene‐carrying retroviral vectors is described. Use of a vector encoding the oncogene v‐myc results in lines of nestin‐positive progenitor cells. Limited differentiation ensues if the cells are cultured in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In contrast, use of a vector in which the extracellular portion of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is fused to the neu tyrosine kinase generates lines of pluripotential nestin‐positive progenitor cells, which differentiate upon withdrawal of EGF into neurons and glia. Differentiated neurons expressing action potentials and neurotransmitter receptors make up a high proportion of the cells. These cell lines are useful tools to investigate the characteristics of differentiating neurons and glia, as well as to screen neuroactive drugs. This work has been reported in preliminary form as an abstract (1996 Society for Neuroscience Abstract, #606.20, p. 1537).     

Inapparent infection of hepatitis A virus

To detect inapparent infection with hepatitis A virus, serial sera were collected from patients with hepatitis A and their contacts in two waterborne epidemics in China. Epidemic 1 occurred in a rural village near Hangzhou during August 1978-January 1979, and epidemic 2 took place in a rural primary school in Pinghu County in Zhejiang in April-May 1985. These sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity, and icteric index. Feces also were collected in epidemic 1 to test for hepatitis A virus antigen. Both anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and total anti-HAV were assayed in sera from "healthy persons" (symptomless persons without icterus and with normal SGPT level) who were in close contact with hepatitis A patients. In epidemic 1, among 18 "healthy persons", 12 were anti-HAV IgM positive, two were immune, and four susceptibles escaped infection. In epidemic 2, among 32 "healthy children", three were anti-HAV IgM positive, five had been infected by hepatitis A virus in the past, and 24 were not infected. These results demonstrate that inapparent infections occur along with overt and subclinical infections during epidemics of hepatitis A. The proportions of inapparent, subclinical, and overt infections were, respectively, 34.3%, 45.7%, and 20% in epidemic 1, and 25%, 50%, and 25% in epidemic 2. In addition, hepatitis A virus particles were demonstrated in the feces of all infected subjects who were examined and who included all levels of clinical response. These particles were identified with immuno-electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunoassay.     

血清Tg、TgAb对甲状腺癌根治术联合131I治疗后随访期间复发/转移的评估价值

目的 研究血清甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）对甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后随访期间复发/转移的评估价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2020年6月中国贵航集团三〇二医院收治的106例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,患者均接受甲状腺癌根治术治疗,术后均采用¹³¹I进行清除残留的甲状腺组织（清甲）治疗。随访24个月,将患者分为复发转移组（21例）和未复发转移组（85例）。比较两组临床资料、¹³¹I治疗情况及血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、Tg、TgAb。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Tg、TgAb检测对甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后复发/转移的预测价值。采取非条件一般Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 与未复发转移组比较,复发转移组原位肿瘤T₄分期、手术方式为腺叶切除或近全切、残余甲状腺质量≥1 g、手术至¹³¹I治疗时间> 3个月、24 h摄¹³¹I率≤ 20%患者的占比均较高（P <0.05）;复发转移组血清Tg和TgAb水平均较高（P <0.05）;ROC曲线分析结果显示：血清Tg预测甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后复发或转移的最佳截断值为1.674 μg/L,AUC为0.803（95% CI：0.721,0.884）,敏感性为81.1%（95% CI：0.724,0.898）,特异性为63.8%（95% CI：0.585,0.691）;血清TgAb预测的最佳截断值为44.19 3 IU/mL,AUC为0.911（95% CI：0.859,0.963）,敏感性为89.2%（95% CI：0.813,0.971）,特异性为72.5%（95% CI：0.674,0.774）。非条件Logistic一般回归分析结果显示：原位肿瘤T₄分期［O^R=2.916（95% CI：1.325,6.417）］、腺叶切除或近全切［O^R=3.243（95% CI：2.174,4.838）］、残余甲状腺质量≥ 10 g［O^R=1.835（95% CI：1.514,2.224）］、手术至¹³¹I治疗时间> 3个月［O^R=1.962（95% CI：1.371,2.808）］、24 h摄¹³¹I率≤ 20%［O^R=2.638（95% CI：1.219,5.709）］、血清Tg ≥ 1.674 μg/L［O^R=2.503（95% CI：1.430,4.360）］、血清TgAb≥ 44.193 IU/mL［O^R=2.944（95% CI：2.016,4.299）］可能是甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后复发或转移的危险因素（P <0.05）;风险因素预测模型预测甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后复发/转移的ROC曲线下面积为0.961（95% CI：0.935,0.987）,标准误为0.010,临界值为73.162,敏感性为91.9%（95% CI：0.863,0.957）,特异性为88.2%（95% CI：0.845,0.922）。结论 甲状腺癌根治术联合¹³¹I治疗后出现复发/转移的患者血清Tg、TgAb水平明显升高,Tg、TgAb对预测复发/转移具有较好的价值,联合其他危险因素建立风险因素预测模型可进一步提高预测价值。     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of adult female mouse submandibular gland secretory structures

Computer-assisted reconstructions of adult female mouse submandibular gland have been used to positionally characterize within the three-dimensional structure likely intermediates in secretory cell replacement. The locations of striated granular duct cells and granular intercalated duct cells are consistent with a role as intermediates between intercalated duct cells and granular duct cells or acinar cells, respectively. Average volumes of the two putative intermediate cell types are also consistent with this role. The reconstructions suggest that, in addition to a "streaming" mechanism for secretory cell replacement, formation of new secretory structures composed of multiple acini and second-order intercalated ducts may also contribute to the cell replacement process.