丝光绿蝇饲养初步研究

目的通过对丝光绿蝇的室内饲养,观察其驯化以及饲养的生物学。方法采用煮熟的鲢鱼引诱丝光绿蝇产卵,收集其卵块,置于室内采用人工配制饲料进行驯化饲养。结果丝光绿蝇第１代从卵发育至成蝇需１４天,其中三龄期约５天,蛹期约６天。成蝇产卵前期约７天,卵散产。第２代从卵发育至成蝇约需１３天,其中三龄期约４天,蛹期约６天。结论丝光绿蝇室内驯养在温度２６℃～３１℃,相对湿度７５％条件下,从卵到蝇历期为１３～１４天,驯养初期,其生物学与自然条件下相比有所改变。     

Suprameatal extension of the retrosigmoid approach: microsurgical anatomy

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether removing the bony prominence located above the porus of the internal acoustic meatus, called the suprameatal tubercle, and surrounding bone using the retrosigmoid approach would aid in the exposure of tumors that are located predominantly in the cerebellopontine angle but that also extend into the middle cranial fossa in the region of Meckel's cave and thus avoid the need for a supratentorial craniotomy. METHODS: Thirty cerebellopontine angles from 15 cadaveric heads examined using 3 to 40x magnification provided the material for this study. A retrosigmoid craniotomy was completed and the exposure obtained before and after removing the suprameatal tubercle, and the surrounding bone was examined. In some cases, Meckel's cave and the tentorium lateral to the porus of Meckel's cave was opened to aid in the exposure. RESULTS: Removing the suprameatal tubercle and surrounding bone increased the exposure an average of 10.3 mm (range, 8.0-13.0 mm) forward of the exposure, which could be obtained without suprameatal drilling. The extent of bone removal was limited on the lateral side by the posterior and superior semicircular canals and their common crus. CONCLUSION: The suprameatal extension of the retrosigmoid approach will permit removal of some tumors that are located mainly in the posterior fossa but that extend into the middle fossa in the region of Meckel's cave. The exposure can be increased by opening the superior petrosal sinus as it crosses in the upper margin of the porus of Meckel's cave and by opening the tentorium lateral to Meckel's cave.     

神阙穴敷贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素的影响

目的　观察神阙穴贴补血益精透皮贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素 (BGP)的影响。方法　选择原发性骨质疏松症患者130名 ,分神阙穴贴药组 (补血益精穴位透皮贴剂 )、西药组 (羟乙磷酸钠片 )、中药组 (补血益精药丸 )、空白对照组。结果和结论　穴位敷贴组能显著提高骨钙素 (7.69± 1.65 )。穴位敷贴组与中药组 (7.82± 0 .99)和西药对照组 (7.13± 0 .89)对原发性骨质疏松症的骨钙素调整作用基本一致 (P>0 .0 5 )。     

卡马西平对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及ACTH的影响

目的 :观察卡马西平 (Carb)对吗啡依赖大鼠纳洛酮催促戒断症状的抑制作用及血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)水平的影响。方法 :剂量递增法皮下注射 (sc)盐酸吗啡 (Mor) ,建立大鼠吗啡依赖模型 ,腹腔注射 (ip)盐酸纳洛酮 1mg·kg- 1 催促 ,观察戒断反应并评分 ;免疫发光法测定血清ACTH水平。结果 :Carb 10 0mg·kg- 1 及 2 0 0mg·kg- 1 均可明显减轻大鼠戒断症状 (P <0 0 5 )。 10 0mg·kg- 1 剂量组的ACTH水平接近正常 ,低于Carb 2 0 0mg·kg- 1 组(P <0 0 5 )。结论 :适当剂量的卡马西平可有效控制吗啡依赖大鼠的戒断症状     

3年2436株临床分离革兰阴性杆菌对头孢吡肟耐药趋势观察

目的：调查我院1999－2001年间2436株革兰阴性杆菌分离株对第4代头孢菌素头孢吡肟的耐药状况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：用K－B法检测头孢吡肟对8种2436株临床分离菌的抑菌环，按1999年NCCLS判断标准得出耐药结果，并与其他3种第3代头孢菌素比较。结果：头孢吡 肟对ESBL阴性大肠杆菌和克雷伯菌属，肠杆菌属，枸橼酸杆菌属，变形杆菌，不动杆菌属，铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌等临床主要分离革兰阴性杆菌耐药性变化不大，1999－2001年耐药率分别为20．6％，20．4％和28％，与第3代头孢菌素比较，头孢吡肟，头孢他啶，头孢噻肟，头孢曲松总的细菌耐药率分别为24．6％，26．3％，38．5％和37．0％。结论：头孢吡肟对临床分离的大部分革兰阴性杆菌具有良好的体外抗菌活性，尤其对易产Bush-I型头孢菌素的肠杆菌属的菌株及枸橼酸杆菌属的抗菌活性远优于其他第3代头孢菌素。     

葡萄糖对豚鼠心室肌细胞跨膜离子电流的影响

目的观察葡萄糖对豚鼠心室肌细胞膜APD,IK1,IK,ICa-L的影响.方法采用全细胞膜片技术记录单个豚鼠心室肌细胞膜的动作电位时程和离子电流.比较0、10和20mmol·L-1葡萄糖对心室肌细胞跨膜离子电流的作用.结果(1)与10 mmol·L-1葡萄糖相比,0和20mmol·L-1均可使豚鼠心室肌细胞的APD缩短(P＜0.05);(2)在细胞外葡萄糖浓度为10 mmol·L-1时,内向整流钾电流IK1的电流密度最大,标准化I-V曲线显示0和20mmol·L-1葡萄糖均可抑制IK1,并使I-V曲线左移,其翻转电位从-72.4移至-64.6 mV;(3)与mmol·L-1葡萄糖相比,0和20mmol·L-1葡萄糖均可增加ICa-L的电流幅度和电流密度.当钳制电位为10 mV,细胞外葡萄糖浓度为0 mmol·L-1时,ICa-L的电流密度为(-8.03±0.82)pA/pF(n=8),而10mmol·L-1和20mmol·L-1葡萄糖分别使电流密度增加为(-5.45±0.67)pA/pF和(-6.50±0.56)pA/pF;(4)当钳制电压为 70mV,细胞外葡萄糖浓度为0、10和20 mmol·L-1时,IK的电流密度分别为(18.96±2.86)pA/pF,(8.66±1.87)pA/pF,(15.32±3.12)pA/pF.结论细胞外不同浓度的葡萄糖可使豚鼠心室肌细胞APD,IK1,IK,ICa-L发生改变.细胞外葡萄糖浓度为0和20mmol·L-1对细胞膜离子电流产生相似的影响.     

论温病证治之热、郁、瘀

温病之病机，多为热、郁、瘀。三者之间由热致郁、由郁致瘀，循序渐变，环环相联，极易形成热郁或热瘀；热与郁当区分无形郁热或有形郁结。治疗以清热、解郁、化瘀三法兼顾，卫气阶段主清热散郁并举；营血阶段重散热化瘀同治；治热防郁，治郁防瘀。郁与瘀当区分无形郁滞或有形郁结，治疗采取相应消散法。对于临床辨治颇具指导意义。     

原钒酸钠对2型糖尿病大鼠丙酮酸激酶的影响

目的:研究原钒酸钠对2型糖尿病大鼠丙酮酸激酶活性的影响.方法:大鼠灌胃给予脂肪乳10d后,应用四氧嘧啶建立2型糖尿病模型.70只大鼠分为正常组、高脂组、糖尿病组、苯乙双胍组和原钒酸钠大、中、小剂量组(9、3、1mg·kg-1).连续灌胃7d后,测定各组空腹血糖值,用比色法测定肝组织和血清中丙酮酸激酶活性.结果:原钒酸钠降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖值;与模型组相比,中、大剂量原钒酸钠升高2型糖尿病大鼠丙酮酸激酶活性(P<0.01)中剂量原钒酸钠使血清中酶活性完全恢复,大剂量原钒酸钠使肝组织和血清中酶活性完全恢复(与正常组相比P>0.05).结论:原钒酸钠增加2型糖尿病大鼠肝组织和血清中丙酮酸激酶活性,这可能是其发挥降血糖作用的一个环节.     

Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in oral leukoplakia

DNA ploidy has been studied in 31 paraffin-embedded specimens of oral leukoplakia and in 10 specimens of oral leukoplakia that have undergone malignant transformation after a 5-year observation period. Three out of 31 specimens (9.7%) showed an aneuploid DNA pattern, with DNA indices of 1.17, 1.28 and 1.32. It was not possible to establish a statistically significant difference of DNA ploidy related to the presence or absence of dysplasia. One out of the 10 oral leukoplakias that underwent malignant transformations had a multiploid pattern with DNA indices of 1.44 and 2.37. In this study the DNA index has not proved to be of value in the identification of dysplastic leukoplakia among the non-dysplastic ones.