Decreased blood perfusion in canine tibial diaphysis after filling with acrylic bone cement compared with inert bone wax

Sixteen dogs had one tibia filled with acrylic PMMA bone cement and the opposite, control tibia filled with inert bone wax. After 1, 4, and 12 weeks, the blood perfusion in diaphyses was measured with Sc-46 labeled microspheres. The blood flow rates increased from 1 to 4 weeks and dropped to about the 1-week level after 12 weeks on both sides, with the acrylic side lower than the control side. On both sides, Disulphine Blue staining of the bones showed severe endosteal avascularity after 1 and 4 weeks and massive periosteal apposition after 4 and 12 weeks. The initial increase in blood flow is considered due to periosteal apposition, and the differences in blood flow rates are attributed to avascularity caused by the polymerization heat and toxicity of the acrylic cement.     

Synthesis and alpha-adrenolytic activities of 2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl- methyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives

The synthesis of the title compounds starting from 2-Chlormethylbenzdioxan and Tetrahydroisochinolines is presented. Their actions on the platelet aggregation and the inhibition of alpha-adrenoceptors at the isolated rabbit aorta and the vas deferens of the guinea pig were investigated.     

Intrasphenoidal migration of a premaxillary Kirschner wire.

OBJECTIVE: The use of Kirschner wire for the fixation of premaxilla is a well-known method in bilateral cleft lip surgery. We report a case in which the Kirschner wire of the premaxillary fixation had migrated intrasphenoidally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The foreign body was accidentally discovered during a cephalometric analysis and was taken out surgically through an upper lip sulcus incision. Although the wire remained asymptomatic for 10 years, it constituted a potential danger for intracranial migration.     

Basophil releasability in severely burned patients.

Thermal injury is known to induce dysregulation of the immune system; however, the precise mechanisms have to be clarified. We investigated the histamine release of basophil granulocytes from severely burned patients (n = 12) after stimulation with anti-IgE or the Ca-ionophore A 23187, respectively. The anti-IgE-induced basophil histamine release of all patients was reduced in comparison to healthy donors beginning at day one postburn (p.b.) (5.0 +/- 2.3% vs. 30.5 +/-3.4%), while the Ca-ionophore-induced release was not decreased before day two p.b. Basophils of patients who finally succumbed to their injuries showed poor responsiveness (to zero levels) over the total time. In contrast, the basophil releasability of surviving patients returned to nearly normal levels (fifth to seventh week p.b.). Already in the second week p.b. there was a significant difference in histamine release between survivors and nonsurvivors [e.g., days 6-9 p.b.: 23.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 6.9 +/- 2.7 (p less than 0.005) after Ca-ionophore stimulation]. The altered basophil histamine release was neither due to a diminished dose- or a delayed time-response to the stimuli nor due to differences in the basophil counts or the cellular histamine content. Our data indicate that the decrease of the basophil releasability, which may be secondary to altered signal transduction pathways in severely burned patients correlates with the clinical outcome.     

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Association of glomerular and interstitial mononuclear leukocytes with different forms of glomerulonephritis

Immunophenotyping of mononuclear leukocytes was performed in renal tissue obtained from 69 patients with different forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) and from ten donors' kidneys for transplantation used as controls. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used in the immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections to define B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations, NK cells and monocytes/macrophages, as well as the expression of HLA class II antigens-DQ, -DR and -DP. Quantification of labelled leukocytes revealed a significant increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in glomeruli of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and even of focal gomerulosclerosis. The number of glomerular monocytes/macrophages was significantly increased only in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, whereas in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis it was decreased. No differences to normal tissue were detected in glomeruli for all other types of inflammatory cells. Interstitial cells were mostly T-lymphocytes in all forms of glomerulonephritis. In all groups the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was somewhat greater than 1 and even about 2 in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Only in particular case was this ratio inversed. High expression of HLA class II antigens was observed on interstitial mononuclear leukocytes, as a sign of their activation. The excess of HLA-DQ-positive cells over the sum of CD14+ and CD20+ cells provides evidence not only for presence of activated T-lymphocytes but perhaps also for accumulation of renal dendritic cells in the interstitium in glomerulonephritis associated with interstitial infiltration.     

Modified full-lid transplants ("tarsomarginal transplants") in reconstructive eyelid surgery

The author first used modified full-thickness lid grafts (tarsomarginal grafts) in lid reconstruction in 1972. They consist of only conjunctiva, tarsus, and lid margin. The anterior lid lamella is rebuilt by a myocutaneous flap from the adjacent tissue. As compared to conventional full-thickness lid grafts, this reduces the risk of necrosis. No cosmetic or functional disturbance of donor eyelids was observed. In cases of total lid loss up to three tarsomarginal grafts can be inserted simultaneously. The use of modified full-thickness grafts is superior to other well-known techniques, especially in cases with defects of the medial half of the lower lid and upper lid defects, up to and including total upper lid loss, even if the tarsus in the grafts is subject to regressive changes and the lashes are usually lost.