彩色多普勒超声诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合征

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对锁骨下动脉窃血综合征的诊断价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声观测颈动脉、颅内外段椎动脉、锁骨下动脉、无名动脉、基底动脉及大脑后动脉的声像图特征及血流动力学的状况。结果锁骨下动脉窃血综合征主要由动脉粥样硬化和多发性大动脉炎所致,且两种原因在年龄组成、性别分布、好发部位上差异有统计学意义。锁骨下动脉窃血综合征患侧血供的代偿主要来自对侧的椎动脉。结论彩色多普勒超声对绝大多数锁骨下动脉窃血综合征可明确诊断。     

Effect of Hearing Rehabilitation Therapy Program in Hearing Aid Users: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectivesDespite sufficient hearing gains, many patients with hearing loss have difficulty using hearing aids due to poor word recognition ability. This study was performed to introduce our hearing rehabilitation therapy (HRT) program for hearing aid users and to evaluate its effect on hearing improvement.MethodsIn this prospective randomized case-control study, 37 participants with moderate or moderate-severe sensorineural hearing loss who had used bilateral hearing aids for more than 3 months with sufficient functional hearing gain were enrolled in this study. Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to the control group (CG) and 18 patients were assigned to participate in our HRT program once a week for 8 consecutive weeks (hearing rehabilitation therapy group [HRTG]). Their hearing results and questionnaire scores for hearing handicap and hearing aid outcomes were prospectively collected and compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter completing 8 weeks of the HRT program, the HRTG showed a significantly greater improvement in scores for consonant-only and consonant-vowel sound perception than the CG (P<0.05). In addition, the HRTG showed a significant improvement in hearing ability as measured by two questionnaires (P<0.05), while no differences were observed in the CG. However, word and sentence recognition test results did not show significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionEven after short-term HRT, patients had subjectively better hearing outcomes and improved phoneme perception ability; this provides scientific evidence regarding a possible positive role for HRT programs in hearing aid users. Further validation in a larger population through a long-term follow-up study is needed.     

Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaf,through ROS-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESZanthoxylum schinifolium is traditionally used as a spice for cooking in East Asian countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative potential of ethanol extracts of Z. schinifolium leaves (EEZS) against human bladder cancer T24 cells.MATERIALS/METHODSSubsequent to measuring the cytotoxicity of EEZS, the anti-cancer activity was measured by assessing apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, we determined the underlying mechanism of EEZS-induced apoptosis through various assays, including Western blot analysis.RESULTSEEZS treatment concentration-dependently inhibited T24 cell survival, which is associated with apoptosis induction. Exposure to EEZS induced the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand, activated caspases, and subsequently resulted to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EEZS also enhanced the expression of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by suppressing MMP, following increase in the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression and truncation of Bid. However, EEZS-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly diminished by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Moreover, EEZS inhibited activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the apoptosis-inducing potential of EEZS was promoted in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor. In addition, EEZS enhanced the production of ROS, whereas N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly suppressed growth inhibition and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by EEZS. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the EEZS-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our results indicate that exposure to EEZS exhibits anti-cancer activity in T24 bladder cancer cells through ROS-dependent induction of apoptosis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

Comparative toxicity of silicon dioxide,silver and iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration to rats

Although silicon dioxide (SiO₂), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles are widely used in diverse applications from food to biomedicine, in vivo toxicities of these nanoparticles exposed via the oral route remain highly controversial. To examine the systemic toxicity of these nanoparticles, well‐dispersed nanoparticles were orally administered to Sprague–Dawley rats daily over a 13‐week period. Based on the results of an acute toxicity and a 14‐day repeated toxicity study, 975.9, 1030.5 and 1000 mg kg^–1 were selected as the highest dose of the SiO₂, Ag and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, respectively, for the 13‐week repeated oral toxicity study. The SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles did not induce dose‐related changes in a number of parameters associated with the systemic toxicity up to 975.9 and 1000 mg kg^–1, respectively, whereas the Ag nanoparticles resulted in increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium as well as lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney, raising the possibility of liver and kidney toxicity induced by the Ag nanoparticles. Compared with the SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles showing no systemic distribution in all tissues tested, the Ag concentration in sampled blood and organs in the Ag nanoparticle‐treated group significantly increased with a positive and/or dose‐related trend, meaning that the systemic toxicity of the Ag nanoparticles, including liver and kidney toxicity, might be explained by extensive systemic distribution of Ag originating from the Ag nanoparticles. Our current results suggest that further study is required to identify that Ag detected outside the gastrointestinal tract were indeed a nanoparticle form or ionized form. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiproliferative triterpenes from the leaves and twigs of Juglans sinensis on HSC-T6 cells

Bioassay-guided fractionation of an 80% MeOH extract of leaves and twigs of Juglan sinensis has resulted in the isolation of four new triterpenes (1-4) and 17 known triterpenes (5-21). The new compounds were determined to be 1-oxo-3β,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 1-oxo-3β-hydroxyolean-18-ene (2), 3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and 3β,22α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2, 13, 15, and 21 showed antiproliferative activities (14.2, 14.8, 15.6, and 11.0% at 100 μM, respectively) in HSC-T6 cells. Flow cytometry assays revealed that these compounds inhibited HSC-T6 proliferation by inducing apoptosis.     

中国不同地区三棱的化学特征比较

Objective: To compare the chemical characters of Sparganii Rhizoma from different areas via chromatographic analysis and to establish a sensitive LC/MS method for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.Methods: Under the optimised HPLC-PDA chromatographic conditions,twenty batches of Sparganii Rhizoma were analyzed by HPLC fingerprints.Principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were performed based on all peak areas of Sparganii Rhizoma fingerprints.Meanwhile,part of common peaks were subsequently quantified by UFLC-QTRAP-MS.Results: The similarity values of HPLC fingerprints fluctuated in a wide range of 0.511–0.973,which showed variable differences of chemical characters among Sparganii Rhizoma from twenty habitats.PCA,OPLS-DA and HCA indicated that samples could be divided into five groups with different chemical characters,which generally corresponded with their geographical distributions.A total of 31 peaks in HPLC fingerprints were marked,and eight of them were identified and quantified.The quantitative result was generally in agreement with the classifications based on HPLC fingerprints,which indicated that Sparganii Rhizoma samples from eastern China mostly contained more contents including phenolic acids and flavonoids.Conclusion: This study not only proved that there were relationships between geographic distributions and internal chemical compositions of plants,which could provide evidence to the traditional Chinese medicine concept "geo-authentic",but also supplied a sensitive and rapid simultaneous quantitive method for the quality estimation of Sparganii Rhizoma.     

LASIK动物模型建立的分析探讨

目的:探讨有效、合理地建立LASIK动物模型的方法。方法:通过对乌拉坦腹腔麻醉与戊巴比妥钠耳缘静脉麻醉、眼球脱臼与外眦切开、手术后睑裂缝合与角膜暴露、鼻侧与上方角膜瓣等不同麻醉方法、不同眼球固定方法、术后角膜状态、不同方位角膜瓣的比较,探讨有效、合理地建立LASIK动物模型的方法。结果:200g/L乌拉坦腹腔麻醉、眼球脱臼、术后角膜暴露、鼻侧角膜瓣等可以有效避免动物意外死亡、眼球吸附不牢固、角膜瓣移位等并发症。结论:200g/L乌拉坦腹腔麻醉、眼球脱臼、术后角膜暴露、鼻侧角膜瓣可以合理地建立LASIK动物模型。