Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro

This in-vitro study was designed to investigate the effects of commonly prescribed antibiotics on sperm movement characteristics, viability and the ability of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction. Spermatozoa were obtained by swim-up from normozoospermic semen and cultured for 24 h with increasing concentrations of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine. Tetracycline at concentrations as low as 2.5 microg/ml led to a significant dose- dependent inhibition in percent rapid-moving spermatozoa, mean path velocity (VAP), straight-line velocity (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL), but at 50 microg/ml tetracycline all spermatozoa were static. Erythromycin had significant effects on rapid movement, VAP, VSL and VCL only at concentrations >100 microg/ml. In contrast, percent rapid- moving spermatozoa was significantly enhanced at low concentrations of chloroquine (5 microg/ml), but significantly inhibited by higher concentrations. Co-trimoxazole did not adversely affect percent rapid- moving spermatozoa below 500 microg/ml, at which concentration movement was decreased by 34%. The mean lateral head displacement (ALH) was significantly enhanced by 5 microg/ml co-trimoxazole and reduced at 1 mg/ml erythromycin. The effects of these drugs were mostly irreversible. Amoxycillin had no effect on sperm movement characteristics over the dose range used, though it inhibited viability at high doses. Viability was significantly reduced at concentrations of all drugs which affect rapid sperm movement; these concentrations of drugs did not appear to affect the ability of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction. The results from this study, when combined with known effects on spermatogenesis, should facilitate the choice of drugs for the treatment of both genitourinary and unrelated infections in men who are attempting to conceive.      

人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性肺结核患者临床分析

目的 提高人类免疫缺陷病毒（ＨＩＶ）阳市肺结核（ＰＴＢ）的认识。方法 对赤道几内亚巴塔医院１９９６年１月～１９９９年１１月确诊的１６８例ＨＩＶ阳性ＰＴＢ进行分析。结果 ＨＩＶ在ＰＴＢ患的感染率由１９９６年的１１．４％升至１９９９年的２２．７％。患多急骤起病（９４．６％）,以近期消瘦（８２．１％）、全身关节酸痛（７８．６％）、皮肤瘙痒（４２．９％）、慢性腹泻（２３．２％）、浅表淋巴结肿大（２０．     

Change in HIV-antibody seroprevalence rates in i.v. drug dependent prisoners

In 1985 a high HIV-seroprevalence (44.2%) was found in a cohort of parenteral drug addicted prisoners in Innsbruck, Austria. In a longitudinal study from March 1985 to March 1989 we investigated the epidemiology of HIV-infection as well as possible changes in the drug taking behaviour of this defined population at risk. During the study HIV-seroprevalence rates in drug dependent prisoners showed a statistical decrease to 30%. A concomitant increase in admission to any kind of therapy programmes as well as an increasing change from ‘heavy use’ (mainly taking heroin i.v.) to ‘non-heavy use’ (mainly taking drugs orally) could be noted. The influence of preventive measures, such as comprehensive AIDS-information, special therapy programmes including the methadone substitution programme, and the unrestricted availability of needles and syringes is discussed.     

Randomized trial of umbilical arterial catheter position: clinical outcome

In order to determine if umbilical arterial Catheter position affects the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, clinical outcome was analysed in 308 infants whose umbilical arterial catheter had been randomly allocated to a high ( n =162) or a low ( n =146) position. Necrotizing enterocolitis was classified as suspected or confirmed; all renal, lower limb and local catheter complications were also recorded. High umbilical arterial catheters were in place for longer than low catheters, provided more samples and were removed as an emergency less often. Lower limb blanching and cyanosis were more common with low catheters. Eleven cases of confirmed necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in the "high" group and nine in the "low" group. One case of fatal aortic thrombosis was encountered in the high group. Positioning umbilical arterial catheters in a high position allowed longer functional use and did not increase the incidence of necrotizing cnterocolitis.     

Alopecia in association with severe seborrhoeic dermatitis following combination antiretroviral therapy for acute retroviral syndrome

We present a case where alopecia occurred with severe seborrhoeic dermatitis associated with the commencement of combination antiretroviral therapy for acute retroviral syndrome. We postulate that the eruption could represent a novel manifestation in association with immunological response to antiretroviral therapy.     

全麻体外循环术后患者的保温治疗

临床资料 我院2002—10／2004—10对587(男373．女214)例全麻体外循环术后患实施了保温治疗，年龄17天．75岁，其中婴幼儿64例，儿童209例，成人314例．体外循环术中采用血流降温至24—28℃，术毕复温至35℃．返回ICU病房30min后常规测量中心体温(肛温)和体表温度，如体温低于35℃、并有四肢末梢冰凉、躯体部花斑，或中心体温与体表温度差值超过3℃时，