Caregiver acceptability and preferences for preventive dental treatments for young African-American children

Our prior research focused on parental treatment acceptability (TA) and treatment preferences (TPs) for preventive dental treatments for young Hispanic children. We adapted the interview for administration to parents of young African‐American children. Objective: In a sample of African‐American parents, determine parental TA and TP for five dental treatments to prevent early childhood caries. Methods: Interviewed 48 parents/caregivers of African‐American children attending Head Start, assessing TA and TP for three treatments for children: toothbrushing (TB) with fluoride toothpaste, fluoride varnish (FV), and xylitol in food (XF); and two treatments for mothers: xylitol gum (XG) and chlorhexidine (CHX) rinse. The interview included verbal information, illustrated treatment cards, photos/video clips, and samples. Parents provided TA of each treatment (one to five scale), TP between each of 10 pairs of the five treatments, and open‐ended reasons for their preferences. TPs were summed (zero to four) to create overall preference. Results: All treatments were acceptable (means 4.4‐4.9). TB was more acceptable than FV and XF (P < 0.05). Summed TP revealed a strong preference for TB (mean 3.1) above other treatments (all P < 0.01). Primary reasons for preferring TB were the following: promotes healthy habits; child focused; and effectiveness. Conclusions: All treatments were acceptable, however, parents/guardians strongly preferred TB. Parents' emphasis on healthy habits and child‐focused treatment supports efforts for oral health education programs in early childhood settings. Some parents expressed concerns about FV, XF, and CHX. Results may be useful in planning prevention programs for young children in African‐American communities.     

More stressors prior to and during the course of bipolar illness in patients from the United States compared with the Netherlands and Germany

Considerable data suggest that compared to some European countries, in the U.S. there are more childhood onset bipolar disorders, more adverse courses of illness, and greater treatment resistance. Psychosocial variables related to these findings have not been adequately explored. Therefore we analyzed psychosocial stressors in three time domains: childhood; the year prior to illness Onset; and the Last Episode from questionnaires in 968 outpatients (mean age 41) with bipolar I or II disorder; 676 from four sites in the U.S. and 292 from three in the Netherlands and Germany (abbreviated here as Europe). Compared to the Europeans, those from the U.S. had significantly more stressors in childhood and prior to the last episode. Stressors prior to the last episode were related to: childhood stressors; an earlier age at illness onset; anxiety and substance abuse comorbidity; lower income; both parents having an affective illness; and feeling more stigma. These data suggest a greater prevalence of adverse life events in childhood and over the course of bipolar illness in the U.S. compared to the Netherlands and Germany. Clinical, therapeutic, and public health approaches to these illness-relevant stressors require further exploration.     

Improved identification of patients with oligometastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma with PSMA-targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT

Annals of Nuclear Medicine - Complete surgical resection of metastatic sites has been shown to prolong survival in select patients with oligometastatic RCC. This treatment strategy is dependent...     

Correction to: Triadic Interactions in MIECHV: Relations to Home Visit Quality

Maternal and Child Health Journal - The article “Triadic interactions in MIECHV: Relations to home visit quality”, written by Carla A. Peterson, Kere Hughes-Belding, Neil Rowe, Liuran...     

Audio-visual stimulation for visual compensatory functions in stroke survivors with visual field defect: a systematic review

Neurological Sciences - Hemianopia is a complete or partial blindness in the visual fields of both eyes, commonly caused by cerebral infarction. It has been hypothesized that systematic...