Ochratoxin a production in Bavarian cereal grains stored at 15 and 19% moisture content

Wheat, barley, and maize, each in 15-kg parcels at 15 and 19% initial moisture content (IMC), were kept in a Bavarian farm granary from June through November 1990. During this period, the grain at each IMC was analyzed for mycotoxins and monitored for grain temperature, carbon dioxide, seed germination, and microfloral incidence and abundance. Barley and maize stored for 20 weeks at 19% IMC contained ochratoxin A in amounts of 70 and 90 g/kg, respectively. This mycotoxin was not detected in wheat stored at 19% IMC, nor in the grains stored at 15% IMC. Aflatoxin B₁, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, and zearalenone were also assayed but not detected in grains stored at either IMC. Principal component analysis of the data indicated that ochratoxin A was produced in a damp niche in maize, when abundant metabolic activity and CO₂ production by Penicillium glandicola and Aspergillus spp. were common.Contribution No. 1476 of the Agriculture Canada Research Station.     

Albrecht von Graefe,seine Persönlichkeit,seine Zeit

Summary This essay leaves aside Graefe's achievements in science and ophthalmology to present the man—Graefe as human being—chiefly on the basis of his surviving letters and the correspondence with his friend Waldau, as well as with Donders, Horner and Jakobson.His brief life not only glowed with incredible scientific intensity, it was also distinguished by an imposing personality. The first half of his adult life was filled with the happy activity of a liberal-minded extrovert, tasting the pleasures of Nature on long mountain excursions; the second half was a courageous fight against severe illness and a variety of family troubles. Graefe won through as a man, and this is perhaps an even greater achievement than his fundamental work in ophthalmology. His humanity makes him attractive to us, brings the critical, questioning pathophysiologist, the skulles operator, the inspiring teacher and exceptional organizer to life for us, making him seem almost contemporary.     

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ENHANCE THE RISK OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF VENOUS THROMBOSIS AT A YOUNG AGE IN FEMALES HOMOZYGOUS FOR FACTOR V LEIDEN

In 29 patients (17 females) homozygous Arg 506 Gln mutation (FV Leiden) was identified. 25 had been investigated because of venous thromboembolism (VTE); four asymptomatic patients were found during family studies.
The first VTE had occurred significantly earlier in females (median age [m] 26 years, range 17–49) than in males (m=38 years, range 21–82) ( P  = 0.01). 12 females (80%) had taken oral contraceptives (OC, oestrogen content 0.02–0.1 mg) for 6–150 months prior to thrombosis. Further triggering conditions in females were hormone replacement ( n  = 1) and pregnancy ( n  = 2). In 8/10 males the first VTE had occurred spontaneously — in two after surgery. The sites of VTE were deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, caval vein thrombosis and superficial thrombophlebitis.
From our data we conclude that OC medication is the most important precipitating factor for VTE in females with homozygous FV Leiden.     

On the history of the teaching of squint (author's transl)]

After an introduction on the value of history also from modern medicine, the teaching of strabismus from the earliest begin at the time of Hammurapis (1700 BC) up to our times is broadly described. The old greek and latin ideas are analysed linguistically. The work of Johannes Müller and Emil Javel is especially emphasized with regard to advances in the teaching of squint and its treatment. Landolt, Maddox, Sattler and Bielschowsky above all have usefully completed these aspects. The knowledges over squint which were forgotten in many places in the first third of our century were rediscovered and considerably extended, at first by Worth, and later especially by Lyle, Bangerter, Hugonnier, Cüppers, and last but not least Heinrich Harms.     

The polymyalgia rheumatica activity score in daily use: proposal for a definition of remission

OBJECTIVE: To confirm the reliability and applicability of the Polymyalgia Rheumatica Disease Activity Score (PMR-AS), and to establish a threshold for remission. METHODS: First, 78 patients with PMR (50 women/28 men, mean age 65.97 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional evaluation. The PMR-AS, patient's satisfaction with disease status (PATSAT; range 1-5), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; first hour), and a visual analog scale of patients' general health assessment (VAS patient global; range 0-100) were recorded. Subsequently, another 39 PMR patients (24 women/15 men, mean age 68.12 years) were followed longitudinally. Relationships between the PMR-AS, PATSAT, ESR, and VAS patient global were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's rank correlation, and kappa statistics. PMR-AS values in patients with a PATSAT score of 1 and a VAS patient global <10 formed the basis to establish a remission threshold. RESULTS: PMR-AS values were significantly related to PATSAT (P < 0.001), VAS patient global (P < 0.001), and ESR (P < 0.01). PATSAT and VAS patient global were reasonably different (kappa = 0.226). The median PMR-AS score in patients with PATSAT score 1 and VAS patient global <10 was 0.7 (range 0-3.3), and the respective 75th percentile was 1.3. To enhance applicability, a range from 0 to 1.5 was proposed to define remission in PMR. The median ESR in these patients was 10 mm/hour (range 3-28), indicating external validity. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the reliability, validity, and applicability of the PMR-AS in daily routine. Moreover, we proposed a remission threshold (0-1.5) founded on patient-dependent parameters.     

Bekämpfung-Organisation-Behandlungserfolge (Statistik 2)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Gehirn,Nerven

Ohne Zusammenfassung