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151.
152.
R Detrano J Yiannikas E E Salcedo G Rincon R T Go G Williams J Leatherman 《Circulation》1984,69(3):541-547
One hundred fifty-four patients referred for coronary arteriography were prospectively studied with stress electrocardiography, stress thallium scintigraphy, cine fluoroscopy (for coronary calcifications), and coronary angiography. Pretest probabilities of coronary disease were determined based on age, sex, and type of chest pain. These and pooled literature values for the conditional probabilities of test results based on disease state were used in Bayes' theorem to calculate posttest probabilities of disease. The results of the three noninvasive tests were compared for statistical independence, a necessary condition for their simultaneous use in Bayes' theorem. The test results were found to demonstrate pairwise independence in patients with and those without disease. Some dependencies that were observed between the test results and the clinical variables of age and sex were not sufficient to invalidate application of the theorem. Sixty-eight of the study patients had at least one major coronary artery obstruction of greater than 50%. When these patients were divided into low-, intermediate-, and high-probability subgroups according to their pretest probabilities, noninvasive test results analyzed by Bayesian probability analysis appropriately advanced 17 of them by at least one probability subgroup while only seven were moved backward. Of the 76 patients without disease, 34 were appropriately moved into a lower probability subgroup while 10 were incorrectly moved up. We conclude that posttest probabilities calculated from Bayes' theorem more accurately classified patients with and without disease than did pretest probabilities, thus demonstrating the utility of the theorem in this application. 相似文献
153.
Dunnick NR; Carson CC; Braun SD; Miller GA; Cohan R; Degesys GE; Illescas FF; Newman GE; Weinerth JL 《Radiology》1985,157(1):51-55
In 224 patients, renal stones were removed from the urinary tract using either direct extraction with a basket or forceps (59 patients), ultrasonic lithotripsy (164 patients), or infusion chemotherapy (one patient). Residual stone fragments were present more frequently in patients treated with ultrasonic lithotripsy (27%) than with direct extraction (5%). Other complications included hemorrhage (eight patients), catheter dislodgement (four patients), large amounts of urine extravasation (three patients), glycine ascites (three patients), infection (two patients), pneumothorax (one patient), and a prolonged ileus (one patient). More complications occurred among the first 50 patients than the last 50 patients, even though more difficult cases, including patients with staghorn calculi, were accepted during the latter period. Although a learning curve exists, complications can be minimized by attempting to treat more favorable cases during the initial experience. 相似文献
154.
Phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) field isolates from outbreaks in South and Central America 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pereda AJ Greiser-Wilke I Schmitt B Rincon MA Mogollon JD Sabogal ZY Lora AM Sanguinetti H Piccone ME 《Virus research》2005,110(1-2):111-118
To date, there is little information concerning the epidemiological situation of classical swine fever (CSF) in the Americas. Besides summarizing the available data, genotyping of isolates from outbreaks in domestic pigs in several countries of South and Central America was performed. For this, a 190 base fragment of the E2 envelope glycoprotein gene was used. European strains and isolates, and historical isolates from the United States (US) were included for comparison. In contrast to the situation in most parts of Europe, where group 2 isolates predominate, it was found that all the isolates from the American continent analyzed belonged to group 1 and were further resolved into three subgroups. The Cuban isolates clustered in subgroup 1.2, whereas the isolates from Honduras and Guatemala clustered in subgroup 1.3. The remaining isolates from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico generated four poorly resolved clusters in subgroup 1.1, together with the vaccine strains, with historical European and US isolates, and with a recent Russian isolate. While the vaccine strains and the historical European isolates formed a relatively distinct cluster, one of the US isolates clustered together with the Mexican, and another one with Colombian isolates. Historically, CSF (hog cholera) was observed almost simultaneously in the US and in Europe in the first half of the 19th century, and its origin remains a matter of discussion. Our results showed that the US isolates are closely related to isolates from South America, while appearance of isolates in Cuba on one hand and in Honduras and Guatemala on the other hand, seems to have been due to unrelated events. This allows to speculate that at least in the American continent, CSF virus may have appeared independently in several regions, and spreading may have been a secondary effect. 相似文献
155.
156.
目的 探讨数字化导航模板辅助全膝关节置换的准确性和可行性。方法 取成年尸体下肢标本 20具,随机分为导航模板组和传统方法组,每组 10具 20个膝关节。导航模板组术前行下肢全长 CT扫描,利用逆向工程软件对 CT数据进行处理,设计与股骨远端和胫骨近端匹配的可定位截骨平面和外旋轴的导航模板,通过快速成型机制作模板实物用于尸体标本的全膝关节置换手术操作。传统方法组按常规全膝关节置换手术操作。术后通过 CT扫描比较两种方法定位的截骨准确性。结果 导航模板与股骨髁和胫骨平台贴合紧密,无明显移动。导航模板组 18个膝关节的股骨远端和胫骨近端截骨面与下肢机械轴垂直,2个膝关节内翻; 17个膝关节后髁截骨面与通髁轴完全平行,3个膝关节有成角。传统方法组 20个膝关节均出现下肢机械轴内外翻,其中 5个膝关节大于 5°; 20个膝关节均出现后髁截骨面与通髁轴成角,其中 10个膝关节大于 3°。结论 导航模板法的股骨远端、胫骨近端和股骨外旋截骨准确性均高于传统手术方法。 相似文献
157.
Rincon GA Vyas D Zhou J Fu FH Oiestad BE Holm I Aune AK Gunderson R Myklebust G Engebretsen L Fosdahl M Risberg MA 《The American journal of sports medicine》2011,39(4):NP3; author reply NP3-NP3; author reply NP4
158.
Despite the highest mortality and morbidity of all forms of stroke, few advances have been made in the management of intracerebral
hemorrhage (ICH). Besides specialized care in the stroke or neurologic intensive care unit, until very recently no specific
therapies have been shown to improve outcome after ICH. Ventilatory support, blood pressure reduction, intracranial pressure
monitoring, osmotherapy, fever control, seizure prophylaxis, and nutritional supplementation are the cornerstones of supportive
care in the intensive care unit. Recently, a phase II trial of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven; Novo Nordisk,
Bagsvaerd, Denmark) reduced hematoma expansion, mortality, and disability when given within 3 hours of ICH onset. A phase
III trial to confirm these results is now in progress. 相似文献
159.
Viera N Pedreanez A Rincon J Mosquera J 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》2007,22(9):1273-1281
Previous reports have shown the presence of streptococcal erythrogenic exotoxin type B (ETB), leukocyte infiltration, interleukin-8
(IL-8), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and glomerular proliferation in renal biopsies from patients with acute post-streptococcal
glomerulonephritis (APSGN). In addition, increased levels of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα),
and urinary IL-6, have also been reported in this disease. To determine the effect of streptococcal proteins on leukocyte
proliferation and leukocyte production of IL-6, TNFα, IL-8 and TGF-β1, we cultured human mononuclear leukocytes with ETB or
ETB precursor (ETBP). After 24 h, 48 h and 96 h, culture supernatants were assessed for cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA), and for leukocyte proliferation by a monoclonal antibody anti-proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA).
A significant increase in all cytokines was found in ETB- or ETBP-treated cultures when compared with controls. A polyclonal
anti-ETB antibody diminished the cytokine stimulatory effect of ETB. An increased number of PCNA-positive cells was observed
in ETB or ETBP treated cultures at 48 h and 96 h. Cytokine production and proliferation were not correlated. The stimulatory
effect of streptococcal exotoxin B on leukocyte cytokine production may be relevant in renal tissue during the course of APSGN. 相似文献
160.