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Understanding the evolution of nursing in a country provides perspective on the origins of current successes and dilemmas and enables the development of strategies and plans for future trends in the profession. This article explores the evolution of nursing services and education in Sri Lanka and the effects on developing professionalism in nursing. Internet database searches, personal communication, and published and unpublished literature and reports were reviewed to obtain historical information on nursing services and education in Sri Lanka. The Sri Lankan health system is reviewed, and the establishment of Western medicine in Sri Lanka and its effects on developing institutionalized nursing education is presented, with a focus on the evolution of nursing education. Major challenges for the nursing profession in Sri Lanka are discussed, and some recommendations are shared. 相似文献
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Rasika Dhawan Setia Satyam Arora Anil Handoo Tina Dadu Dharma Choudhary Sajeev Kumar Sharma Gaurav Kharya Vipin Khandelwal Prerna Sachdeva Divya Doval Anamika Bakliwal Meenu Kapoor Shalu Bajaj Virendra Bachchas Praveen Singh 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):439-444
Introduction
Most common source of stem cell graft for both autologous and allogenic haematopoietic transplants are peripheral blood haematopoietic progenitor stem cells. Adequate collection of the CD34+ cells and safety of the allogenic donor during the leukapheresis are of prime importance to an apheresis physician. Our retrospective analysis is a comparison between of two platforms namely, COBE Spectra and Amicus, for CD34+ mononuclear cell collection.Material and method
The study included the data of GSCF (Granulocyte-Colony-Stimulating Factor) mobilized allogenic PBSC collections at our centre from January 2015 to June 2016. The apheresis platforms used were COBE Spectra and Amicus. Blood cell counts were done using LH750 Beckman Coulter (Florida, Miami, USA). CD45+ & CD34+ cell counts were done using BD FACS Canto-II Flow-Cytometer by ISHAGE guidelines.Results
A total of 170 PBSC (100 COBE Spectra & 70 Amicus) harvests were done on 143 donors, of which 116 completed the collection in a single session and 27 required a second session. Demographic details and pre harvest peripheral blood counts for both the groups did not show any statistical differences. Amicus processed higher blood volume with higher ACD exposure and procedure time compared to COBE Spectra. Higher platelets loss was with COBE Spectra harvests with higher product volumes collection. Collection efficiency (CE2), collection ratio, CD34+ cells dose was similar on both the platforms. RBC contamination, absolute lymphocyte and monocytes counts were significantly higher with Amicus harvest product compared with COBE Spectra. A total of 14 (8.2%; citrate toxicity) adverse reactions were reported out of 170 allogenic PBSC collections.Discussion/conclusion
Our study suggests that both Amicus and COBE Spectra platforms offer comparable results for allogenic PBSC collections. Amicus offers a concentrated PBSC product with lesser volume and platelets loss but higher RBC contamination. 相似文献65.
Li Gao Mary J. Emond Tin Louie Chris Cheadle Alan E. Berger Nicholas Rafaels Candelaria Vergara Yoonhee Kim Margaret A. Taub Ingo Ruczinski Stephen C. Mathai Stephen S. Rich Deborah A. Nickerson Laura K. Hummers Michael J. Bamshad Paul M. Hassoun Rasika A. Mathias Kathleen C. Barnes 《Arthritis \u0026amp; Rheumatology》2016,68(1):191-200
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Tsung-Chieh Yao Gaixin Du Lide Han Ying Sun Donglei Hu James J. Yang Rasika Mathias Lindsey A. Roth Nicholas Rafaels Emma E. Thompson Dagan A. Loisel Rebecca Anderson Celeste Eng Maitane Arruabarrena Orbegozo Melody Young James M. Klocksieben Elizabeth Anderson Kathleen Shanovich Lucille A. Lester L. Keoki Williams Kathleen C. Barnes Esteban G. Burchard Dan L. Nicolae Mark Abney Carole Ober 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2014
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Susan E. Stanley Julian J.L. Chen Joshua D. Podlevsky Jonathan K. Alder Nadia N. Hansel Rasika A. Mathias Xiaodong Qi Nicholas M. Rafaels Robert A. Wise Edwin K. Silverman Kathleen C. Barnes Mary Armanios 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2015,125(2):563-570
Mutations in the essential telomerase genes TERT and TR cause familial pulmonary fibrosis; however, in telomerase-null mice, short telomeres predispose to emphysema after chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Here, we tested whether telomerase mutations are a risk factor for human emphysema by examining their frequency in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Across two independent cohorts, we found 3 of 292 severe COPD cases carried deleterious mutations in TERT (1%). This prevalence is comparable to the frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency documented in this population. The TERT mutations compromised telomerase catalytic activity, and mutation carriers had short telomeres. Telomerase mutation carriers with emphysema were predominantly female and had an increased incidence of pneumothorax. In families, emphysema showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, along with pulmonary fibrosis and other telomere syndrome features, but manifested only in smokers. Our findings identify germline mutations in telomerase as a Mendelian risk factor for COPD susceptibility that clusters in autosomal dominant families with telomere-mediated disease including pulmonary fibrosis. 相似文献
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Marilyn C. Cornelis Arpana Agrawal John W. Cole Nadia N. Hansel Kathleen C. Barnes Terri H. Beaty Siiri N. Bennett Laura J. Bierut Eric Boerwinkle Kimberly F. Doheny Bjarke Feenstra Eleanor Feingold Myriam Fornage Christopher A. Haiman Emily L. Harris M. Geoffrey Hayes John A. Heit Frank B. Hu Jae H. Kang Cathy C. Laurie Hua Ling Teri A. Manolio Mary L. Marazita Rasika A. Mathias Daniel B. Mirel Justin Paschall Louis R. Pasquale Elizabeth W. Pugh John P. Rice Jenna Udren Rob M. van Dam Xiaojing Wang Janey L. Wiggs Kayleen Williams Kai Yu 《Genetic epidemiology》2010,34(4):364-372
Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as powerful means for identifying genetic loci related to complex diseases. However, the role of environment and its potential to interact with key loci has not been adequately addressed in most GWAS. Networks of collaborative studies involving different study populations and multiple phenotypes provide a powerful approach for addressing the challenges in analysis and interpretation shared across studies. The Gene, Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) consortium was initiated to: identify genetic variants related to complex diseases; identify variations in gene‐trait associations related to environmental exposures; and ensure rapid sharing of data through the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. GENEVA consists of several academic institutions, including a coordinating center, two genotyping centers and 14 independently designed studies of various phenotypes, as well as several Institutes and Centers of the National Institutes of Health led by the National Human Genome Research Institute. Minimum detectable effect sizes include relative risks ranging from 1.24 to 1.57 and proportions of variance explained ranging from 0.0097 to 0.02. Given the large number of research participants (N>80,000), an important feature of GENEVA is harmonization of common variables, which allow analyses of additional traits. Environmental exposure information available from most studies also enables testing of gene‐environment interactions. Facilitated by its sizeable infrastructure for promoting collaboration, GENEVA has established a unified framework for genotyping, data quality control, analysis and interpretation. By maximizing knowledge obtained through collaborative GWAS incorporating environmental exposure information, GENEVA aims to enhance our understanding of disease etiology, potentially identifying opportunities for intervention. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 364–372, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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