Waning Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

We investigated the kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies in 7 asymptomatic persons and 11 patients with pneumonia. The geometric mean titer of neutralizing antibodies declined from 219.4 at 2 months to 143.7 at 5 months after infection, indicating a waning antibody response.     

Maternal Age at Menarche and Pubertal Timing in Boys and Girls: A Cohort Study From Chongqing,China

PurposeThis study explored the association of maternal age at menarche (AAM) with pubertal timing among girls and boys in Chongqing, China.MethodsPubertal development of 1,237 children (542 girls and 695 boys) were examined half-yearly through inspection and palpation from April 2014 to June 2019. Characteristics of parents and maternal AAM were collected by a parental questionnaire at baseline. Maternal AAM was used both as a continuous and a categorical variable in Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 1,198 children (528 girls and 670 boys) were included in the study. In the simple Cox model, earlier maternal AAM was associated with girls' earlier menarche, breast and pubic hair development, and boys' first ejaculation, testicular development, and genital development. When adjusting for children's body mass index z-scores (BMIz) and socioeconomic covariates, we found that girls whose mothers had early AAM had a higher risk of earlier onset of menarche (hazard ratio [HR]: .922, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .852–.998 for continuous maternal AAM, HR: 1.297, 95% CI: 1.041–1.616 for maternal AAM ≤13 years), and boys whose mother achieved menarche earlier experienced a higher risk of earlier onset of first ejaculation (HR: .896, 95% CI: .830–.968). Children's BMIz were related to all nine pubertal milestones. Parental education and relationship, birth weight, parity, and family type were also associated with pubertal timing.ConclusionsEarlier maternal AAM was related to earlier pubertal timing in both girls and boys in Chongqing, especially girls' age at menarche and boys' first ejaculation. Children's BMIz was the most consistent factor for pubertal timing. Children's BMIz and socioeconomic conditions had greater influence on most pubertal milestones than maternal AAM.     

Engineered NS1 for Sensitive,Specific Zika Virus Diagnosis from Patient Serology

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) belong to the Flaviviridae family of viruses spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical areas. Accurate diagnostic tests to differentiate the 2 infections are necessary for patient management and disease control. Using characterized ZIKV and DENV patient plasma in a blind manner, we validated an ELISA and a rapid immunochromatographic test for ZIKV detection. We engineered the ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) for sensitive serologic detection with low cross reactivity against dengue and developed monoclonal antibodies specific for the ZIKV NS1 antigen. As expected, the serologic assays performed better with convalescent than acute plasma samples; the sensitivity ranged from 71% to 88%, depending on the performance of individual tests (IgM/IgG/NS1). Although serologic tests were generally less sensitive with acute samples, our ZIKV NS1 antibodies were able to complement the serologic tests to achieve greater sensitivity for detecting early infections.     

2～4岁癫痫患儿生存质量及其影响因素分析

目的 了解2～4岁癫痫患儿生存质量现状及其影响因素.方法 选取2021年3月至10月于西安市儿童医院神经内科治疗的136例2～4岁癫痫患儿作为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查问卷、PedsQLTM 4.0普适性核心量表进行癫痫患儿生存质量现状及影响因素调查.结果 本研究2～4岁癫痫患儿生存质量得分为(60.02±26.47)分,各维度得分分别为生理功能(59.38±33.14)分、情感功能(62.17±23.58)分、社交功能(58.90±29.00)分;已入托患儿学校表现功能得分为(66.67±20.87)分,生存质量得分为(71.83±18.97)分.多因素线性回归分析结果显示,癫痫发作频率越高、户外活动频率越少及癫痫共患病均是影响2～4岁癫痫患儿生存质量的危险因素(β值分别为-12.477、-6.626、13.289,P<0.05).结论 2～4岁癫痫患儿生存质量得分较低,其中抽搐未得到有效控制、存在癫痫共患病的患儿需要重点关注;增加患儿的户外活动时间,将有助于提高其生存质量,从而减轻癫痫患儿给家庭和社会带来的负担.     

福州市2016-2020年网络招募男男性行为人群艾滋病监测结果分析

  目的  了解福州市2016-2020年MSM人群HIV感染状况及其相关因素,为制定艾滋病干预策略提供依据。  方法  2016-2020年通过网络招募方式在福州市开展MSM调查,调查内容参照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册》,包括人口学、行为学和抗体筛查情况等,采用趋势χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析模型进行影响因素分析。  结果  2016-2020年共计调查11 864人,MSM人群HIV感染率为3.82%(453/11 864),各年份分别为4.48%、4.24%、3.27%、5.01%和2.36%,历年监测MSM人群HIV感染率呈现下降趋势(χ2=9.802, P < 0.001)。最近6个月最近1次肛交性行为使用安全套比例由89.45%下降到79.21%,与同性发生商业性行为比例由0.38%上升到2.05%,艾滋病知识知晓率由97.51%下降到94.53%,趋势χ2检验均有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示,高中及以上学历、在本地居住时间≥1年、最近6个月未发生肛交性行为或最近1次肛交性行为使用安全套、最近6个月肛交性行为每次都用安全套、最近1年接受艾滋病干预服务、知晓艾滋病知识均为MSM人群HIV感染的保护因素; 吸毒和最近1年患过性病则会增加MSM人群HIV感染的风险。  结论  福州市MSM人群的HIV感染状况呈现下降态势,但艾滋病知识知晓率和同性肛交使用安全套比例均呈现下降态势,应重点针对低文化程度和流动性大的MSM人群,加强以安全套推广使用和HIV检测的综合干预措施,有效控制MSM人群HIV疫情。     

城镇污水综合排放消毒效果实验研究

用实验的方法观察城镇污水综合排放消毒前后效果。消毒前,菌落总数为48000(cuf/ml),总大肠菌和粪大肠菌群>16000(个/L)。消毒后,菌落总数灭活率90分钟达85.93％,总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群30分钟灭活率达98％,经统计学处理,有极显著差异。结论 加入有效氯30mg/L,消毒30分钟能达到较好效果,提示城镇污水应有效地消毒后排放。     

泌尿生殖系统原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤6例

目的 探讨泌尿生殖系原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床特征。方法 总结1990－1999年我院收治泌尿生殖系原发性非霍淋巴瘤6例,其中明上腺,肾脏,膀胱,睾丸,附睾及前列腺各1例,病理类型均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤结果 除原发于前列腺1例行单纯化疗外,余5例的均在手术后方英诊断,术后均行化疗或化疗联合放疗,4例生存已超过3年。结论 术前诊断泌尿生殖系原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤可能避免手术治疗,联合化疗应是治疗首选。     

亚砷酸对急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者红细胞系及巨核细胞系的影响

目的 探讨亚砷酸对急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）患者红细胞系及巨核细胞系的影响。方法 11例初治的APL患者经亚砷酸治疗后观察血象及髓髓象的情况。结果 亚砷酸治疗2周内血红蛋白及血小板基本无变化,随着治疗时间延长红细胞系3周后,巨核细胞系4周后则逐渐恢复造血。结论 亚砷酸对急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者红细胞系及巨核细胞系基本无抑制。     

经额入路行蝶鞍区肿瘤手术的应用解剖

目的　为经额入路蝶鞍区肿瘤切除术提供解剖学资料。方法　采用解剖技术对 35个甲醛固定 ,红色明胶动脉灌注的尸头标本蝶鞍区的有关结构进行观察。结果　两侧视神经管颅口内缘间距为 11.0 9± 2 .2 2mm ,视交叉前缘至交叉前沟前缘间距为 7.0 2± 1.86mm。垂体上面与鞍隔平面有三种位置关系 :垂体上面通过鞍隔孔露出鞍隔平面以上者 3例 ( 8.75% ) ,在鞍隔平面以下者 13例 ( 37.14% ) ,与鞍隔平面平齐者 19例 ( 54.2 9% )。两侧颈内动脉在穿经海绵窦上壁处间距为 13.2 5± 2 .4 8mm ,大脑前动脉发起处 ,两侧颈内动脉之间距为 17.86± 1.55mm。结论　经额入路蝶鞍区肿瘤切除术主要是通过交叉前间隙 ,在颈内动脉之间的区域操作 ,手术中要保护颈内动脉、视神经等结构 ,以减少并发症的发生     

脉络宁对骨内高压血液流变学的影响

目的 观察脉络宁对骨内高压时血液流变学指标的影响。方法 将家兔一侧后肢于膝关节伸直接固定5周,造成固定侧胫骨上端骨内高压模型,测定血液流变学指标,与静脉注射脉络宁2周后血液流变学指标进行比较。结果 骨内高压时全身静脉血和骨髓血粘度均明显升高;给予脉络宁治疗2周后,其静脉血和骨髓血粘度明显降低,同正常组相比差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。同时,骨内压明显下降。结论 脉络宁可通过改善全身和局部血液流变学指标,纠正骨内循环动力异常,降低骨内高压。