激素依赖性皮炎的研究进展

由于糖皮质激素外用制剂的不规范应用和误用含激素的化妆品,激素依赖性皮炎的发病率逐年增高。我们复习有关文献,对糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、组织病理及治疗作一综述。     

First rotavirus vaccine licensed: Is there really a need?

The first rotavirus vaccine was licensed in the United States on 31 August 1998 for the prevention of severe rotavius diarrhea in children. Despite this landmark in new vaccines, many pediatricians and public health professionals in Europe are uncertain of the need for this vaccine for the routine immunization of infants. In Europe, ample evidence suggests that rotavirus is the most common cause of hospitalizations for severe diarrhea among children, but proper studies documenting the disease burden of rotavirus or th cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus immunization program have only been conducted in the United Kingdom following epidemiologic models used in the United States. All children are infected with rotavirus during their first few years of life, 30-50% of diarrheal hospitalizations among children <5 years are due to this agent, and, by the age of 5 years, between 1 in 40 and 1 in 77 children in Europe and the United States may be hospitalized for rotavirus. The first vaccine is a live, oral preparation combining four different serotypes of rotavirus and administered in three doses with other childhood immunizations. The good efficacy against severe rotavirus diarrhea, the low risk of adverse side effects and the positive costeffectiveness equation have led the two major immunization advisory groups in the U.S. to recommend this vaccine for routine use in American infants. European physicians and policymakers should re-examine the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus diarrhea now that an effective method of prevention is at hand. □ Childhood immunization, diseases, rotavirus, vaccination .     

卵巢早衰

目的：探讨卵巢早衰（Premature ovarian failure,POF）的病因及诊断和治疗的方法。方法：查阅文献,进行综述。结果：转发性POF占81％,其他类型POF可能病因为遗传因素、免疫因素、促性腺激素及其受体异常、代谢异常等。POF的诊断根据临床表现及实验室检查确定。待确诊后给予相应治疗。结论：应该规范的诊断并进行个体化治疗。     

Factors associated with delivery complications in rural Bangladesh

Objectives There are only a few studies on maternal morbidity, delivery complications and maternal mortality in Bangladesh. This study analyzes data from a follow-up study conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Research for Health and Technologies (BIRPERHT) on maternal morbidity in rural Bangladesh in 1993. Methods A total of 1020 pregnant women were interviewed in the follow-up component of the study. The survey collected information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, pregnancy-related care and practice, morbidity during the period of follow-up as well as in the past, information concerning complications at the time of delivery and during the postpartum period. For the purpose of this study, we selected 993 pregnant women with at least one antenatal follow-up. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the potential risk factors for complication during delivery and duration of labor. Results and conclusions It appears that complications during the antenatal period can result in various complications at the time of delivery. Some of the important findings are: hemorrhage during the antenatal period increases the risk of excessive hemorrhage during delivery, the risk of obstructed labor increases significantly if abdominal pain is observed during the antenatal period, prolonged labor appears to be significantly higher for the first pregnancy, and pregnancies suffering from abdominal pain during pregnancy tend to have a higher risk of prolonged labor during delivery. The duration of labor appears to be negatively associated with the number of previous pregnancies, being longest for the first pregnancies. The duration of labor pain is significantly higher for the respondents who reported the index pregnancy as undesired, and, similarly, the respondents who were reported to be involved with gainful employment would have a shorter duration of labor pain than those having no involvement with gainful employment.     

经尿道前列腺电气化术结合电切术治疗前列腺增生83例分析

目的：探讨经尿道前列腺电气化术结合电切术治疗前列腺增生（BPH）并提高其安全性及有效性。方法：使用德国WOLF F24连续冲洗气化电切镜对83例BPH患者进行了经尿道前列腺电气化术加电切术治疗。结果：平均手术时间69min,无尿失禁和死亡病例,术后随访3～36个月,国际前列腺症状评分平均9.4分,残余尿量平均为21.7ml。结论：先用铲状气化切割圈切除增生的大部分前列腺组织,并进行快速、有效的止血,再用电切环修切,可快速切除增生的前列腺组织,安全有效,并发症少,值得广泛推广。     

Jugular venous thrombosis: MR imaging

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of jugular venous thrombosis was investigated in three patients who had symptoms suggestive of this condition; the diagnosis was later confirmed by computed tomography, by venography, and clinically. Bright intraluminal signal intensity was seen throughout the course of the affected jugular vein on MR images in all three patients, in sharp contrast to the lack of signal from the corresponding site in the uninvolved venous system. Temporal changes in signal intensity from the acute to subacute stage of thrombosis were evaluated for one patient. A relative increase in signal intensity for the subacute phase was believed to be related to a decrease in the T1 relaxation time. MR may be the imaging modality of choice in the investigation of venous thrombosis.     

Ocular and orbital lesions: surface coil MR imaging

Nine lesions, four ocular (three melanomas, one hemangioma) and five orbital (two perioptic meningiomas, one hemangioma, one pseudotumor, one mucocele), were evaluated by magnetic resonance surface coil imaging at 1.5 T. Small ocular lesions with 3.9-4.5-mm-elevation were demonstrated. The use of two different pulse sequences resulted in separation of melanoma from adjacent retinal detachment. Contrast obtained between orbital lesions and the adjacent normal structures was better than that demonstrated with high-resolution computed tomography.