Use of a food frequency questionnaire in American Indian and Caucasian pregnant women: a validation study

Background  

Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been validated in pregnant women, but few studies have focused specifically on low-income women and minorities. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Harvard Service FFQ (HSFFQ) among low-income American Indian and Caucasian pregnant women.     

The inositol monophosphatase inhibitor L-690,330 affects pilocarpine-behavior and the forced swim test

Rationale

Lithium has been a standard pharmacological treatment for bipolar disorder over the last 60 years; however, the molecular targets through which lithium exerts its therapeutic effects are still not defined. Attenuation of the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway as a consequence of inhibition of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) has been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms for lithium-induced mood stabilization.

Objectives

The objective was to study the behavioral effect of the specific competitive IMPase inhibitor L-690,330 in mice in the lithium-sensitive pilocarpine-induced seizures paradigm and the forced swim test (FST).

Methods

The inhibitor was administered intracerebroventricularly in liposomes.

Results

L-690,330 increased the sensitivity to subconvulsive doses of pilocarpine and decreased immobility time in the FST.

Conclusions

It is possible that the behavioral effects of lithium in the pilocarpine-induced seizures and in the FST are mediated through the inhibition of IMPase, but reversal of the inhibitor’s effect with intracerebroventricular inositol would be an important further step in proof.     

The Next Wave: Confexting

Radiology conferences enable participants the opportunity to ask experts questions through question and answer (Q and A) sessions or individually. Given the time limitations and intimidating circumstances, we incorporated conference text messaging (confexting) as a method of increasing interactivity between the audience and speakers. During a 5-day radiology conference, text messaging was utilized for anonymous interactivity between the audience and speakers during Q and A sessions. There were 324 text messages; 76 of these were either follow-up statements or questions related to earlier text messages. Forty-two questions were submitted via paper notes. There was a general trend of an increasing number of text messages and a decreasing number of paper notes. The anonymous text messaging system was found to be an effective method for interactivity between the audience and the speakers. The questions and answers could be presented in a PowerPoint format at the formal Q and A sessions. Questions texted to the authors during their talks could be immediately answered or addressed in subsequent talks. Although difficult for some individuals to embrace technology, confexting allows for interactivity and prompts discussion. Confexting is an effective method for interactivity between the audience and speakers not previously utilized in a conference setting. The anonymity and asynchronous communication enable conference participants to submit more questions than in the traditional setting. The speakers may be able to explain more thoroughly difficult concepts more thoroughly with additional slides at Q and A sessions or may immediately answer texted questions during their talks.     

Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double‐blind,controlled, add‐on clinical trial

Bersudsky Y, Applebaum J, Gaiduk Y, Sharony L, Mishory A, Podberezsky A, Agam G, Belmaker RH. Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double‐blind, controlled, add‐on clinical trial.
Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 376–382. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: Valproic acid’s well‐known teratogenicity limits its use in women of childbearing age. Valnoctamide is an analog of valproate that does not undergo biotransformation to the corresponding free acid. In mice, valnoctamide has been shown to be distinctly less teratogenic than valproate. Valnoctamide is an anticonvulsant, and we hypothesized that valnoctamide is antimanic. Methods: We performed a double‐blind, five‐week, add‐on, controlled trial of valnoctamide in mania. Patients were treated with risperidone at doses of the physician’s discretion. Valnoctamide or placebo was begun at doses of 600 mg/day and increased to 1200 mg after four days. Weekly ratings by a psychiatrist blind to the study drug were conducted using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Results: Fifteen valnoctamide patients and 17 placebo patients completed at least one post‐baseline week and were included in data analysis. In all efficacy measures valnoctamide was more effective than placebo as an add‐on to risperidone, using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time as the within‐subject factor. Two‐way ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (p < 0.001) and significant interaction between treatment and time (YMRS: p = 0.012; BPRS: p = 0.007; CGI: p = 0.003). Differences between valnoctamide and placebo were significant from week 3 to week 5. Conclusion: Valnoctamide could be an important valproate substitute for women of childbearing age with bipolar disorder who may become pregnant.     

Perinatal outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease

Objective: To determine whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods: A case–control study of 116 singleton pregnancies with IBD compared to 56?398 singleton controls delivered between 1986 and 2001.

Results: Patients with IBD were slightly older (32.8 vs. 30.6 years, p <?0.001), more likely to be Caucasian or Asian than Black or Latino (92% vs. 57%, p <?0.001) and have private health insurance (33% vs. 3%, p <?0.001). IBD was associated with an increased risk for labor induction (32% vs. 24%, p?=?0.002), chorioamnionitis (7% vs. 3%, p?=?0.04) and Cesarean section (32% vs. 22%, p?=?0.007), but there were no differences in neonatal outcomes. Subgroup analysis demonstrated an increased risk for low birth weight (LBW) in the ulcerative colitis group vs. the Crohn's disease group (19% vs. 0%, p?=?0.002). Patients with prior surgery for IBD had a lower incidence of LBW (0% vs. 12%, p?=?0.03). Flares during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery (27% vs. 8%, p?=?0.02) and LBW (32% vs. 3%, p?=?0.003).

Conclusion: IBD was an independent risk factor for Cesarean section but there was no increase in adverse perinatal outcome. Crohn's disease, prior IBD surgery and quiescent disease were associated with a lower risk for LBW.     

催醒宁在大鼠离体灌流肝脏中的生物转化

用离体大鼠肝脏灌流方法,研究了胆碱酯酶抑制剂CXN的生物转化过程。径HPLC分离纯化及光谱分析,鉴定了CXN的六个脂溶性代谢产物的化学结构。产物Ⅰ为CXN原形,其余均为氧化产物。其中产物Ⅲ尚保留部分抑酶活力,而产物Ⅱ,Ⅴ及Ⅵ对小鼠全脑胆碱酯酶的抑酶活力明显下降。另外还观察到,代谢产物Ⅱ及Ⅴ对小鼠的急性毒性也明显减小。     

新麻醉药静松灵生物转化的研究

静松灵[2-(2,4-二甲基苯胺基)-4,5-二氢噻唑,XT]是国内合成的麻醉物,经ip给药后,从大鼠尿中分离、纯化、鉴定了四个代谢产物。MB₁即XT原形;MB₃及MA₂互为异构体,分别为2位、4位甲基氧化为羧基的产物;MA₁则4位甲基氧化为羧基,二氢噻唑环中4¹位亚甲基氧化为羰基。初步实验表明:代谢产物MB₃,MA²,MA₁的药效与毒性均远低于原形药,大鼠与小鼠对XT的转化机制相近,但也存在种属的差异。