刺激强度对黑质DA能神经元伤害性反应的影响

本研究用细胞外记录方法研究大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元伤害性反应的特点。共记录了194个多巴胺能神经元。其中,大多数神经元(78％)可被尾部强电刺激(15mA,1.0ms)所抑制,15％被兴奋。兴奋和抑制反应均依赖于刺激强度。当刺激强度变化于0～20mA时,伤害性反应强度与刺激强度的对数显著相关。来自不同部位的刺激可会聚于同一神经元。反应潜伏期和阈值提示Aδ纤维参与伤害性信息传入黑质的过程。本文还讨论了多巴胺能神经元系统在痛觉机制中的作用。     

耳廓复合组织瓣连续法修复鼻翼缺损

目的观察耳廓复合游离组织瓣连续法修复鼻翼缺损的疗效，以探讨鼻翼缺损的有效修复手段。方法耳廓复合游离组织瓣2次连续法修复鼻翼缺损7例，移植物面积0．5cm×0．7cm～0．8cm×1．2cm。结果7例耳廓复合游离组织瓣移植后全部成活。术后随访6～18个月，移植物无明显回缩，鼻外形满意。结论耳廓复合游离组织瓣连续移植修复鼻翼缺损，适合较严重鼻翼缺损，手术成功率高，术后鼻外形满意，双侧分次取材，耳廓外形双侧对称无畸形。     

Genetic study of retinoblastoma

Eight patients with retinoblastoma were studied by high resolution chromosome R-banding technique, and the EsD was quantitatively determined in red blood cells of the patients. Among these patients, two cases showed 13 q 14 deletion mosaicism, one showed a monosomy 13 q 14.1----q 14.2, and the rest had normal karyotype. The EsD activity was proportional to the number of copies of 13 q 14.1 region present. Our findings indicate that (1) the RB gene is located at 13 q 14.1, a region which is critical in the etiology of retinoblastoma, (2) 13q deletion is an important event in the development of retinoblastoma, and (3) EsD determination is an important diagnostic tool in the detection of 13 q deletion, useful for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling, permitting early institution of treatment upon early diagnosis.     

Differential protective effects of varying degrees of hypoxia on the cytotoxicities of etoposide and bleomycin

Summary Oxygen is thought to be involved both directly and indirectly in the mechanisms of action of several anticancer agents. We studied the effects of various oxygen concentrations on the cytotoxicities of the following drugs: bleomycin (BLM), etoposide (VP-16), doxorubicin (DOX), and mitomycin C (MMC). Human sarcoma cells, MESSA, were exposed to drug for 1 h at one of several oxygen concentrations: less than 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 21%, and 95%. Cytotoxicity was assessed by cellular incorporation of ³H-thymidine into DNA 5 days after drug exposure. Control experiments varying oxygen concentration without drugs demonstrated toxicity only at the highest concentration (95%). Three different responses of drug sensitivity to varying oxygen tensions were observed. BLM, which has been shown to utilize oxygen as a substrate in generating free radicals and producing DNA scission, demonstrated a progressive increase in cytotoxicity over the entire range of increasing oxygen concentrations. This is consistent with the model of a BLM-cation-oxygen complex and catalytic reduction of oxygen. VP-16, which also produces DNA strand breakage but by interaction with topoisomerase II, exhibited a threshold response. VP-16 toxicity was ameliorated by anoxic conditions (less than 1% O₂), but not by oxygen concentrations of 2.5%–95%. The reason for this protective effect of anoxia with VP-16 is not clear. In contrast, acute anoxia had no effect on the cytotoxicities of DOX and MMC. We conclude that acute hypoxia protects cells from both BLM and VP-16 but that the nature of that protection is different. VP-16 toxicitiy is blunted only by severe anoxia, wheaeas BLM exhibits a dose response effect over the entire range of oxygen concentrations.Supported by NIH grant CA-27478 from the US Department of Health and Human Services, and by the American Lung Association. Dr. Sikic is a recipient of a Faculty Development Award in Clinical Pharmacology from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturer's Association Foundation.     

Altered neuropeptide Y Y1 responses in mesenteric arteries in rats with congestive heart failure

The aim of the present study was to elucidate if the potentiating effect of neuropeptide Y on various vasoactive agents in vitro is (1) altered in mesenteric arteries from rats with congestive heart failure and (2) mediated by the neuropeptide Y Y₁ receptor. The direct vascular effects of neuropeptide Y and its modulating effects on the contractions induced by endothelin-1-, noradrenaline-, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-, U46619-(9, 11-dideoxy-11, 9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F₂) and ATP, and acetylcholine-induced dilatations were studied in the presence and absence of the neuropeptide Y Y₁ antagonist, BIBP3226 (BIBP3226{(R)-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]- -arginine-amide}). Neuropeptide Y, per se, had no vasoactive effect in the arteries. The potency of endothelin-1 was significantly decreased in congestive heart failure rats. Neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y-(13–36) potentiated the endothelin-1-induced contraction in congestive heart failure mesenteric arteries. In 20% of the congestive heart failure rats, sarafotoxin 6c induced a contraction of 31±4%. Neuropeptide Y also potentiated U46619- and noradrenaline-induced contractions but not 5-HT-induced contractions in congestive heart failure arteries. In sham-operated animals neuropeptide Y potentiated noradrenaline- and 5-HT-induced contractions. These potentiations were inhibited by BIBP3226. Acetylcholine induced an equipotent relaxation in both groups which was unaffected by neuropeptide Y. In conclusion, neuropeptide Y responses are altered in congestive heart failure rats. The potentiating effect differs between vasoactive substances. Neuropeptide Y Y₁ and non-neuropeptide Y₁ receptors are involved.     

眼内异物合并外伤性白内障的联合手术治疗：附88例分析

眼内异物合并外伤性白内障是眼外伤常见的致盲原因之一,各地报告的致盲率为20%～48.9%。本文对88例眼内异物合并外伤性白内障患者采用联合手术治疗,收到较好疗效,术前视力0.05以下占85.2%,术后矫正视力0.05以下占27.3%,矫正视力0.06～1.5占73.7%,其中矫正视力0.6～1.5者占22.8%。根据异物的性质、在眼内部位和晶体损伤情况选择不同的手术方式一次联合手术摘出异物和白内障,术后采用中西药配合治疗。联合手术可提高疗效,减少术后并发症.减少手术次数,减轻病人的痛苦,缩短病程,减少医疗费用.眼科学报1993;9:216—218.     

Treatment of dural sinus thrombosis using selective catheterization and urokinase

Thrombosis of the cerebral dural venous sinuses, cortical draining veins, and deep cerebral veins is a rare clinical finding. Because of its low incidence and multiple etiologies, the optimum therapy for this condition will only be elucidated by a multicenter, randomized prospective study. At our institution, we favor early and aggressive management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with transfemoral, venous intradural infusions of the fibrinolytic agent urokinase. To date, treatment of only 13 patients using this technique has been reported in the English literature. This report adds 12 more such treated patients. Despite the presence of preinfusion infarcts in 5 patients, four of which were hemorrhagic, we incurred no major therapeutic morbidity. Functional sinus patency was achieved in 11 of 12 patients, with our only true failure occurring in an individual with symptoms of at least 2 months' duration. Good to excellent clinical outcome was achieved in 10 of 11 patients (one newborn had inadequate follow-up).     

中国病理生理杂志第6—10卷论著的引文分析与比较

中国病理生理杂志于１９８５年创刊，是目前国内唯一的病理生理学科高级学术刊物。本文对该刊第６－１０卷所发表的论著做出版周期和引文分析。     

A monitoring,feedback, and triggering system for reproducible breath-hold MR imaging

A technique is described that provides improved reproducibility of breath-holding for MR image acquisition by monitoring the superior-inferior (S/I) position of the diaphragm. The method incorporates detection of the level of inspiration using an MR signal, rapid display to the patient of diaphragm position to enable breath-hold adjustment, and triggering of image data acquisition once appropriate position is attained. The response time of the system is short, approximately 10 ms. Studies in six volunteers using this method demonstrate a considerable decrease in the S/I range of diaphragm position over 10 consecutive periods of suspended respiration. The mean range is 1.3 mm with the system, while it is 8.3 mm without using it is expected that this method will be of assistance in many abdominal and cardiothoracic studies that use breath-hold techniques.     

Interaction of trichohyalin with intermediate filaments: three immunologically defined stages of trichohyalin maturation.

"Trichohyalin" is a 220-kD protein found in trichohyalin granules that are present as major differentiation products in the medulla and inner root sheath cells of human hair follicles. It was unclear whether this protein served as an intermediate filament precursor in the inner root sheath or as an intermediate-filament-associated (matrix) protein. We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (AE15-17) to this protein and used them to trace its fate during inner root sheath differentiation. These studies have allowed us to define three immunologically distinct forms of this trichohyalin protein. They are 1) the AE15-positive form, which is found throughout all trichohyalin granules; 2) the AE16-positive form, which is localized as discrete punctae on the surface of trichohyalin granules; and 3) the AE17-positive, intermediate-filament-bound form, which associates with the inner root sheath filaments with a regular, 400-nm periodicity. From these results we suggest that the 220-kD trichohyalin protein is an intermediate-filament-associated protein that may play a role in the lateral aggregation, precise alignment, and stabilization of inner root sheath filament bundles.