Fogarty catheter complication treated with angiographic techniques: New use for balloon occlusion catheter

Fogarty catheter embolectomy is occasionally associated with complications, including intimal dissection and thrombosis. We report a case of this complication in the iliac artery treated angiographically by thrombectomy with a balloon occlusion catheter.     

Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy and/or intraarterial chemotherapy for brain tumors: PET and neuropathologic studies

Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for brain tumors is being recognized as a problem more common than previously estimated. Distinction between this iatrogenic complication and tumor recurrence cannot be made by either CT or MR imaging. By using positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) we were able to reach a diagnosis of radiation necrosis, later verified, in 10 of 95 patients referred for the purpose of differentiating tumor recurrence from necrosis. The critical PET-FDG feature was focal hypometabolism in the area of necrosis, which contrasted with the hypermetabolism associated with the residual/recurrent tumor. In addition, four cases of cerebral necrosis after supraophthalmic, intraarterial chemotherapy (BCNU) were studied with the PET-FDG method. The area of chemotherapy damage was also characterized by marked hypometabolism. Histology revealed both similarities and differences between radio- and chemonecrosis.     

MR of slow CSF flow in the spine.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a slow-flow MR sequence in normal CSF flow and in CSF flow disturbance in cases of spinal stenosis. METHOD: The method was tested for flow sensitivity and applied to 67 sites of spinal canal compromise. RESULTS: Phantom studies show that flow can be depicted at a velocity of 0.5-1 mm/sec. On clinical images, stagnant CSF is black, flowing CSF is bright. Typically, in high-grade (90%-100%) stenosis, CSF above and below the site of spinal canal compromise (SCC) is black. With intermediate stenosis (50%-89%), CSF above the SCC remains white but becomes black distal to the SCC. Low-grade stenosis shows only localized flow disturbances. CONCLUSION: This easy-to-use sequence can solidify the MR diagnosis of high-grade stenosis when a distinct flow pattern is recognized. Flow patterns for intermediate and low-grade stenosis are less reliable.     

差示—线性组合导数光谱法测定扑咳灵片中扑尔敏和溴化丙胺太林

本文提出了差示一线性组合导数光谱法用于测定混合组分体系的基本原理和实验方法。并试用本法消除了扑尔敏、溴化丙胺太林、灵芝粉及附加剂之间的相互干扰,从而分别测定了扑咳灵片巾扑尔敏和溴化丙胺太林的含量,其平均回收率分别为100.2±1.49％(CV)和99.89±1.03％(CV)。其精密度、准确度均好。     

A study of computer-assisted tomography. I. The incidence of positive CAT scans in an asymptomatic group of patients

In order to study the type and number of CAT scan abnormalities of the lumbar spine that occur in asymptomatic people, 52 studies from a control population with no history of back trouble were mixed randomly with six scans from patients with surgically proven spinal disease, and all were interpreted by three neuroradiologists in a blinded fashion. Irrespective of age, 35.4% (26.6%, 51.0%, and 31.3%) were found to be abnormal. Spinal disease was identified in an average of 19.5% (23.8%, 22.7%, and 12.5%) of the under 40-year-olds, and it was a herniated nucleus pulposus in every instance. In the over 40-year-old age group, there was an average of 50% (29.2%, 81.5%, and 48.1%) abnormal findings, with diagnoses of herniated disc, facet degeneration, and stenosis occurring most frequently.     

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage in preterm neonates: a broadening spectrum

Among 800 neonates screened for cerebral bleeding, perinatal sonography identified 35 preterm neonates with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). The observed IPHs were categorized in five general groups: classical grade-IV hemorrhage (16 patients), grade-IV hemorrhage with coexisting but anatomically separate hemorrhages (four patients), grade-IV hemorrhage with later development of secondary parenchymal hemorrhages at distant sites (five patients), hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia (four patients), and parenchymal hemorrhage unrelated to grade-IV hemorrhages (six patients). Thirty IPHs had concurrent germinal matrix hemorrhages, but in only 16 patients did the IPH represent an extension of the subependymal hematoma and therefore qualify as pure grade-IV hemorrhage according to the most popular classification. The high concurrence of periventricular leukomalacia (80-100% in most groups) and germinal-matrix-remote IPHs supports the concept that most IPHs in preterm neonates represent secondary hemorrhages into ischemic brain tissue.     

Quantitative coronary arteriography: design and validation

The authors assessed the performance of an automatic and rapid coronary quantification method by evaluating its accuracy in a stenosis phantom. Measurements were obtained with a lucite phantom with 2-, 3-, and 4-mm vessel diameters and concentric stenoses of 33%, 50%, 67%, and 75%. Direct digital angiographic images as well as 10 X 10 spot films and 35-mm cine angiography films were acquired with and without structural noise and mask subtraction. The films were digitized with magnification factors of one and two. An interactive analysis program was used to automatically determine the vessel edges with a Gaussian fit to the cross-sectional density profiles perpendicular to the center line of the vessel. Relative changes of the densitometric cross-sectional area along the vessel were used to assess the percentage of stenosis. Densitometric measurements were comparable in both digital and cine angiograms (r = .99 and r = .98, respectively); however, diameter measurements showed a higher variability and were dependent on the amount of magnification applied to the images.