全文获取类型
收费全文 | 49469篇 |
免费 | 3744篇 |
国内免费 | 167篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 690篇 |
儿科学 | 1307篇 |
妇产科学 | 860篇 |
基础医学 | 6605篇 |
口腔科学 | 644篇 |
临床医学 | 5226篇 |
内科学 | 10369篇 |
皮肤病学 | 513篇 |
神经病学 | 4610篇 |
特种医学 | 1765篇 |
外科学 | 8157篇 |
综合类 | 927篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
一般理论 | 41篇 |
预防医学 | 4033篇 |
眼科学 | 627篇 |
药学 | 3357篇 |
中国医学 | 58篇 |
肿瘤学 | 3590篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 286篇 |
2022年 | 535篇 |
2021年 | 1233篇 |
2020年 | 697篇 |
2019年 | 1139篇 |
2018年 | 1345篇 |
2017年 | 932篇 |
2016年 | 1099篇 |
2015年 | 1305篇 |
2014年 | 1729篇 |
2013年 | 2278篇 |
2012年 | 3783篇 |
2011年 | 3852篇 |
2010年 | 2143篇 |
2009年 | 1931篇 |
2008年 | 3199篇 |
2007年 | 3283篇 |
2006年 | 3214篇 |
2005年 | 3253篇 |
2004年 | 2899篇 |
2003年 | 2730篇 |
2002年 | 2480篇 |
2001年 | 521篇 |
2000年 | 413篇 |
1999年 | 491篇 |
1998年 | 538篇 |
1997年 | 455篇 |
1996年 | 383篇 |
1995年 | 379篇 |
1994年 | 324篇 |
1993年 | 283篇 |
1992年 | 331篇 |
1991年 | 274篇 |
1990年 | 268篇 |
1989年 | 259篇 |
1988年 | 230篇 |
1987年 | 203篇 |
1986年 | 200篇 |
1985年 | 209篇 |
1984年 | 200篇 |
1983年 | 153篇 |
1982年 | 186篇 |
1981年 | 176篇 |
1980年 | 138篇 |
1979年 | 112篇 |
1978年 | 107篇 |
1977年 | 121篇 |
1976年 | 94篇 |
1973年 | 100篇 |
1970年 | 85篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Nathan J Koewler Katie T Freeman Ryan J Buus Monica B Herrera Juan M Jimenez-Andrade Joseph R Ghilardi Christopher M Peters Lucy J Sullivan Michael A Kuskowski Jack L Lewis Patrick W Mantyh 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2007,22(11):1732-1742
A closed femur fracture pain model was developed in the C57BL/6J mouse. One day after fracture, a monoclonal antibody raised against nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) was delivered intraperitoneally and resulted in a reduction in fracture pain-related behaviors of approximately 50%. Anti-NGF therapy did not interfere with bone healing as assessed by mechanical testing and histomorphometric analysis. INTRODUCTION: Current therapies to treat skeletal fracture pain are limited. This is because of the side effect profile of available analgesics and the scarcity of animal models that can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive this pain. Whereas previous studies have shown that mineralized bone, marrow, and periosteum are innervated by sensory and sympathetic fibers, it is not understood how skeletal pain is generated and maintained even in common conditions such as osteoarthritis, low back pain, or fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we characterized the pain-related behaviors after a closed femur fracture in the C57BL/6J mouse. Additionally, we assessed the effect of a monoclonal antibody that binds to and sequesters nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) on pain-related behaviors and bone healing (mechanical properties and histomorphometric analysis) after fracture. RESULTS: Administration of anti-NGF therapy (10 mg/kg, days 1, 6, and 11 after fracture) resulted in a reduction of fracture pain-related behaviors of approximately 50%. Attenuation of fracture pain was evident as early as 24 h after the initial dosing and remained efficacious throughout the course of fracture pain. Anti-NGF therapy did not modify biomechanical properties of the femur or histomorphometric indices of bone healing. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that therapies that target NGF or its cognate receptor(s) may be effective in attenuating nonmalignant fracture pain without interfering with bone healing. 相似文献
63.
Defective implant osseointegration under protein undernutrition: prevention by PTH or pamidronate. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Romain Dayer Isabelle Badoud René Rizzoli Patrick Ammann 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2007,22(10):1526-1533
Protein deficiency is associated with impaired titanium osseointegration. We studied whether systemic treatment with PTH or pamidronate could influence the resistance to pull-out of titanium rods implanted into rats proximal tibia under normal and isocaloric low protein intake. PTH or pamidronate prevented the deleterious effects of protein undernutrition on bone microarchitecture close to the implant and on mechanical fixation. PTH even significantly improved implant osseointegration. INTRODUCTION: Protein deficiency is highly prevalent among elderly patients hospitalized in orthopedic wards. Reduced protein intake impairs titanium osseointegration in rats. Whether stimulator of bone formation or inhibitor of bone resorption could improve implant osseointegration under protein deprivation is not known. We studied the effects of systemic treatment with PTH or pamidronate on the resistance to pull-out of titanium rods implanted into rats proximal tibia under normal and isocaloric low protein intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the resistance to pull-out 1-mm-diameter titanium rods implanted into the proximal tibias of 49 adult female rats receiving a normal or an isocaloric low protein diet. After 2 wk on either diet, the implants were inserted, and the rats received PTH(1-34), pamidronate or saline vehicle for 8 wk. The tibias were removed for microCT morphometry, followed by the evaluation of pull-out strength. RESULTS: Pull-out strength was lower in rats fed an isocaloric low protein diet compared with rats fed a normal protein intake (-29%). PTH and pamidronate significantly increased pull-out strength in animals fed a normal or a low protein diet, the effect of PTH being of higher magnitude. The PTH- or pamidronate-mediated increase in pull-out strength was associated with significant increases of relative bone volume, bone-to-implant contact, and trabecular thickness, whereas trabecular spacing was reduced, in the vicinity of the implants. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that isocaloric low protein intake impairs titanium implant osseointegration. PTH or pamidronate prevented the deleterious effects of protein undernutrition and even significantly improved the implant osseointegration. These results indicate that systemic administration of PTH or pamidronate could be considered for preventing uncemented arthroplasty loosening in protein undernourished patients. 相似文献
64.
65.
66.
Plaque composition and its relationship with acknowledged shear stress patterns in coronary arteries. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
67.
68.
Patrick Manckoundia France Mourey Pierre Pfitzenmeyer Jacques Van Hoecke Dominic Pérennou 《Clinical neurophysiology》2007,118(4):786-793
OBJECTIVE: We hypothesised that backward disequilibrium (BD), defined by a posterior position of the centre of mass with respect to the base of support, could be caused by a backward tilt in the perception of verticality. METHODS: The relationship between BD, the perception of verticality, and the history of falls in 25 subjects aged 84.5+/-7.4 years was analysed. An original ordinal scale, the BD scale (BDS), was used to quantify BD. Postural (PV) and haptic verticals (HV) were measured in sagittal plane. RESULTS: BDS scores closely correlated with the number of falls (r = 0.81, p =10(-5)). The more the PV was tilted backward, the greater the BDS scores (r = -0.95, p<10(-6)), with a huge backward tilt of about 15 degrees in 4 subjects with severe BD. In these subjects, the tilt in perception of verticality was transmodal since a severe backward HV tilt was also found. CONCLUSIONS: This transmodality suggested high-order cognitive disruption in the construction of the subjective vertical used in postural control by subjects showing BD, which confirmed our hypothesis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study clearly shows that perception and action with respect to gravity are closely related and brings a new insight about fall mechanisms in the elderly. 相似文献
69.
Comparison of dynamic and step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiation therapy planning and delivery. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is commonly delivered using the dynamic or segmental mode of multileaf collimators (DMLC or SMLC). Both methods are designed to deliver intensity-modulated beams as determined by inverse planning software. In this study, we have used the Helios IMRT planning system to generate ideal treatment plans for 10 cases of 2 common treatment sites (prostate and head and neck) and have investigated the actual treatment fluence distributions generated for each of the MLC leaf motion choices. The 2 dose delivery techniques were dosimetrically compared to each other and to the treatment plans. For each technique, point doses were measured in a water phantom using ionization chambers. Also for each technique, 2-dimensional dose distributions at a selected depth in a plastic phantom were obtained, using extended range film. The total delivery time and the number of monitor units (MU) delivered by each method were also compared. Our results indicate that the 2 delivery methods produce comparable results dosimetrically. For the cases reviewed, the delivery time was an average of 15% longer for SMLC deliveries, while the number of MUs (beam-on time) required by SMLC was an average of 15% fewer, than that for the DMLC. In the interest of simplicity, lower beam-on time, and potentially fewer mechanically-related problems, we think that the SMLC delivery technique may be the better choice when Helios is used for planning and Varian linear accelerators are used for delivery. 相似文献
70.
Conservative surgery and radiation therapy in black women with early stage breast cancer. Patterns of failure and analysis of outcome. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Between 1977 and 1986, 75 black and 615 white women with American Joint Committee (AJC) Stages I and II breast cancer were treated with excisional biopsy, axillary dissection, and radiation therapy for breast conservation. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil, with and without prednisone and tamoxifen, was given to 92% of premenopausal, 83% of perimenopausal, and 63% of postmenopausal node-positive women; 20 of 106 (19%) postmenopausal node-positive women received tamoxifen only. The clinical characteristics of the similarly treated patients were compared. The 5-year actuarial local only first failure rate was 5% for black women and 6% for white women (P = 0.53). Regional only failure as the first site of failure was 9% for blacks versus 1% for whites (P = 0.002), with regional recurrence as any component of first failure being 16% for blacks and 4% for whites (P = 0.001). The supraclavicular fossa was identified as the primary site of regional recurrence in black patients with either pathologically positive or negative axillae. Distant metastases as the only site of first failure were significantly greater in the black population with a 20% 5-year actuarial failure rate versus 11% in white patients (P = 0.01). The 5-year actuarial overall survival for the black patients was 82% versus 91% for the white patients (P = 0.01), with no-evidence-of-disease (NED) survival being 64% and 83% (P = 0.0002) and relapse-free survival (RFS) being 61% and 77% (P = 0.01), respectively. Black patients younger than 40 years of age or with pathologically positive axillary nodes had significantly worse NED, RFS, and overall survival compared with similarly staged white patients. Cosmetic results were analyzed at 3 and 5 years after completion of therapy. Although significantly fewer black patients had an excellent-to-good cosmetic result at 3 years compared with white patients, the results were not significantly different at 5 years. These results show that appropriately selected black patients with early stage breast cancer have excellent local control after conservative surgery and radiation therapy and should continue to be offered breast preservation as an alternative to mastectomy. Patterns of failure, however, demonstrated higher regional and distant recurrence rates and lower NED, RFS, and overall survival rates in most subsets of black patients reviewed. 相似文献