黄芪对ESWL致兔肾损伤后缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）在ESWL致肾脏损伤中的作用及黄芪是否通过调节HIF-1α的表达而发挥对肾脏的保护作用。方法45只家兔随机分为对照组、ESWL损伤组和黄芪治疗组,每组15只,除对照组外,所有动物接受ESWL处理（18kV,1 500次）。黄芪治疗组家兔于冲击前3d至后2d,每天注射黄芪注射液2.0g/kg。2周后处死家兔,取肾脏HE染色观察肾组织形态学改变,免疫组织化学染色观察HIF-1α在肾脏中的表达。结果ESWL处理后肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,小管内可见大量管型,肾间质大量炎细胞浸润;黄芪治疗组以上病变显著减轻。ESWL损伤组HIF-1α显著表达于肾小管上皮细胞及间质,黄芪能够明显抑制HIF-1α的表达。结论HIF-1α参与了ESWL对肾脏的损伤,黄芪可能通过抑制HIF-1α的表达发挥对肾脏的保护作用。     

Mechanical loading increased BMP‐2 expression which promoted osteogenic differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells

This study aimed to investigate the effect of repetitive tensile loading on the expression of BMP‐2 and the effect of BMP‐2 on the osteogenic differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) in vitro. Repetitive stretching was applied to TDSCs isolated from rat patellar tendon at 0%, 4%, and 8%, 0.5 Hz. The expression of BMP‐2 was detected by Western blotting and qPCR. To study the osteogenic effects of BMP‐2 on TDSCs, BMP‐2 was added to the TDSC monolayer for the detection of ALP activity and calcium nodule formation in a separate experiment. TDSCs adhered, proliferated, and aligned along the direction of externally applied tensile force while they were randomly oriented in the control group. Western blotting showed increased expression of BMP‐2 in 4% and 8% stretching groups but not in the control group. Up‐regulation of BMP‐2 mRNA was also observed in the 4% stretching group. BMP‐2 increased the osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs as indicated by higher ALP cytochemical staining, ALP activity, and calcium nodule formation. Repetitive tensile loading increased the expression of BMP‐2 and addition of BMP‐2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs. Activation of BMP‐2 expression in TDSCs during tendon overuse might provide a possible explanation of ectopic calcification in calcifying tendinopathy. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:390–396, 2011     

复杂困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术116例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术的处理技巧。方法回顾性分析2002年4月～2010年8月我院116例复杂困难LC的临床资料,对腹腔严重粘连、重度肥胖、胆囊颈结石嵌顿、解剖变异、胆囊萎缩等复杂困难情况,采取相应的手术技巧,行Calot三角精细解剖等处理。结果 104例成功施行LC,12例中转开腹,包括冰冻状胆囊三角结构不清3例,Mirizzi综合征2例,胆囊癌2例,胆管损伤2例,胆囊结肠内瘘2例,胆囊十二指肠内瘘1例。共发生并发症10例,其中胆管损伤2例,出血2例,胆漏3例,穿刺口感染1例,术后腹腔内感染2例,经开腹手术结合ERCP、EST、ENBD和B超引导穿流,全部治愈。116例随访1～36个月,平均22.4月,无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下复杂困难胆囊切除术中精细解剖Calot三角是手术成功的关键,防止周围脏器损伤是成功的基础,适时中转开腹是手术安全的前提。     

控制性降压联合穴位电刺激对术后认知功能障碍的影响

目的：探讨七氟烷麻醉下以硝酸甘油行控制性降压联合穴位电刺激对术后认知功能障碍的影响。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅲ级,45～65岁行单节段腰椎切开复位内固定手术患者75例,随机分为穴位刺激联合硝酸甘油控制性降压组（T组,n=36）及单纯硝酸甘油控制性降压组（N组,n=39）,分别给予相应的治疗。结果：术后1、3dT组术后认知功能障碍发生率较N组明显降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;5d发生率两组无显著差异（P〉0.05）。术后各时间点两组患者血清S-100β浓度均较术前升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。术后1、3dT组血清S-100β较N组明显减低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,术后5d两组无显著差异。结论：七氟烷麻醉下行控制性降压联合经皮穴位电刺激可降低术后认知功能障碍的发生率。     

经胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术91例

目的：探讨经胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床效果。方法：全麻下行胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术91例,其中结节性甲状腺肿48例,甲状腺腺瘤38例,甲状腺乳头状癌5例。结果：91例均顺利完成手术,手术时间50～195min,平均（120.5±29.6）min;术后发生颈部皮下积液和一过性声音嘶哑各1例。随访2～44个月,中位数21个月,无复发,患者对手术及美容效果均表满意。结论：胸乳径路腔镜甲状腺切除术是安全可行的,具有很好的美容效果。     

Use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip in hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for living donor

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy for kidney transplantation is a technique that began in South America only recently. This procedure offers several advantages compared with open nephrectomy due to the minor pain, better cosmetic results, and shorter length of hospital stay. Herein we have described our experience with the use of nonabsorbable polymer ligaclip (NPL) to control the renal artery, vein, and ureter in hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALN). METHODS: We performed a review of 85 HALNs for renal transplantation at our institution between January 2004 and August 2007. We evaluated the preoperative characteristics of the donor, surgical parameters, and complications. RESULTS: Fifty six percent of donors were men. Mean donor age was 34.4 years (range = 18 to 60). Left-sided nephrectomy was performed in 85%. Mean surgical time was 132 minute (range = 90 to 240) and among the last 35 nephrectomies, 120 minute (range = 90 to 180). Mean warm ischemia time was 240 seconds (range = 120 to 420). Conversion rate was 1.1%. Mortality was one case (1.1%) secondary to an episode of massive pulmonary thromboembolism. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.5 days (range 2 to 5) and mean blood loss, 125 mL. No complication related to the NPL was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy living donor nephrectomy was a safe procedure for kidney transplantation. The training and experience of the surgeon was reflected in shorter times of surgery. The NPL was safe and cost-effective, not increasing morbidity of the procedure.     

半坐卧位和仰卧位对机械通气相关性肺炎影响的研究进展

综述了半坐卧位和仰卧位对机械通气相关性肺炎(VAP)影响的机制,比较两者相关研究的结果以及采用半坐卧位的现状.提出仰卧位是VAP的危险因素,但半坐卧位可预防VAP的理想的床头角度尚无明确答案,需进一步从依从性、伦理性和推广性获取最佳证据.     

选择性前路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的参数分析

目的 探讨Lenke5、6型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者选择性前路手术的筛选指标.方法 回顾性分析我院1999年3月至2004年5月期间收治的52例Lenke5、6型AIS患者,随访2～4年(平均34个月),评估术前各相关参数.按术后结果 分成两组:满意组(胸弯减小)A组,不满意组(胸弯加重)B组.结果 A组(n=46)术前胸弯平均33°,术后平均18°,腰弯术前平均49°,术后平均21°.B组(n=6)术前胸弯平均38°,术后平均45°.腰弯术前平均46°,术后平均25°.B组患者中2例由于术后脊柱失平衡,进行了后路翻修术.结论 胸椎柔韧性和患者的成熟度决定了该方案外科手术的效果.在各种结构参数中,(TL/L:T)Cobb比率和胸椎柔韧性,是筛选患者的较好指标.     

Amplatz血栓消融术治疗大块肺栓塞——附2例报告

目的 探讨Amplatz血栓消融器治疗大块肺栓塞(PE)的可行性。方法 对2例年轻男性经溶栓无效或贻误有效溶栓时机的大块PE患者行Amplatz血栓消融术。结果 术后肺血流灌注亚急性PE患者明显改善,慢性PE再发患者略有改善。前者PaQ2由术前53．8mmHg升至67．3mmHg,2个月后升至80．0mmHg。7个月后核素肺灌注显像大致正常。后者术中症状明显减轻,术后PaO2由66．4mmHg升至83．6mmHg。3个月后,肺动脉压由53．5mmHg降至24mmHg。仅1例术中轻微左侧胸痛。结论 对大块亚急性PE患者实施Amplatz血栓消融术技术上可行,但需进一步评价。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠TNF-α和IL-10mRNA的表达及其意义

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺组织中TNF-αmRNA和IL-10 mRNA的表达及其对疾病发展和转归的意义。方法:以牛磺胆酸钠制备大鼠急性水肿性胰腺炎(AEP)模型20只和急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)模型20只,另取10只正常大鼠作为对照。造模12h后各处死10只大鼠,检测血清和胰腺组织TNF-α和IL-10水平及其胰腺组织中的mRNA转录水平,并观察胰腺组织的病理变化。结果:正常组、AEP组和ANP组的血清TNF-α水平分别为126pg/ml、186pg/ml和337pg/ml,组织TNF-α水平分别为118pg/ml、210pg/ml和443pg/ml。正常大鼠血清和胰腺组织中无法检测到IL－10,而AEP和ANP组血清IL－10水平为660pg/ml和124pg/ml,组织IL－10水平为669pg/ml和202pg/ml。AEP大鼠组织中IL-10mRNA表达增强,ANP大鼠TNF-α mRNA表达增强。结论:AP大鼠胰腺组织中TNF-α和IL-10 mRNA的表达与其在血清和胰腺组织中的浓度成正比,而急性胰腺炎时胰腺本身可能就是产生细胞因子的主要器官。