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101.
Shobna J. Bhatia D. Nageshwar Reddy Uday C. Ghoshal V. Jayanthi Philip Abraham Gourdas Choudhuri S. L. Broor Vineet Ahuja Philip Augustine V. Balakrishnan D. K. Bhasin Naresh Bhat Ashok Chacko Sunil Dadhich G. K. Dhali Pankaj S. Dhawan Manisha Dwivedi Mahesh K. Goenka Abraham Koshy Ajay Kumar Sri Prakash Misra Shrikant Mukewar E. PedaVeer Raju K. T. Shenoy S. P. Singh Ajit Sood R. Srinivasan 《Indian journal of gastroenterology》2011,30(3):118-127
Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its complications are thought to be infrequent in India; there are no data from India on the prevalence of and risk factors for GERD. The Indian Society of Gastroenterology formed a task force aiming to study: (a) the frequency and profile of GERD in India, (b) factors including diet associated with GERD.Methods
In this prospective, multi-center (12 centers) study, data were obtained using a questionnaire from 3224 subjects regarding the frequency, severity and duration of heartburn, regurgitation and other symptoms of GERD. Data were also obtained regarding their dietary habits, addictions, and lifestyle, and whether any of these were related or had been altered because of symptoms. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.Results
Two hundred and forty-five (7.6%) of 3224 subjects had heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once a week. On univariate analysis, older age (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.003–1.021), consumption of non-vegetarian and fried foods, aerated drinks, tea/coffee were associated with GERD. Frequency of smoking was similar among subjects with or without GERD. Body mass index (BMI) was similar in subjects with and without GERD. On multivariate analysis, consumption of non-vegetarian food was independently associated with GERD symptoms. Overlap with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome was not uncommon; 21% reported difficulty in passage of stool and 9% had mucus in stools. About 25% of patients had consulted a doctor previously for their gastrointestinal symptoms.Conclusion
7.6% of Indian subjects have significant GERD symptoms. Consumption of non-vegetarian foods was an independent predictor of GERD. BMI was comparable among subjects with or without GERD. 相似文献102.
Wesolowski D Tae HS Gandotra N Llopis P Shen N Altman S 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2011,108(40):16582-16587
Basic peptides covalently linked to nucleic acids, or chemically modified nucleic acids, enable the insertion of such a conjugate into bacteria grown in liquid medium and mammalian cells in tissue culture. A unique peptide, derived from human T cells, has been employed in a chemical synthesis to make a conjugate with a morpholino oligonucleotide. This new conjugate is at least 10- to 100-fold more effective than previous peptides used in altering the phenotype of host bacteria if the external guide sequence methodology is employed in these experiments. Bacteria with target genes expressing chloramphenicol resistance, penicillin resistance, or gyrase A function can effectively be reduced in their expression and the host cells killed. Several bacteria are susceptible to this treatment, which has a broad range of potency. The loss in viability of bacteria is not due only to complementarity with a target RNA and the action of RNase P, but also to a non-gene-specific tight binding of the complexed nontargeted RNA to the basic polypeptide-morpholino oligonucleotide. 相似文献
103.
LH Leite NM Sharma S Bafna H Zheng CC Coimbra KP Patel 《Journal of neuroscience methods》2012,211(1):77-83
In the present study, we developed a lentiviral vector with human cytomegalovirus promoter permitting high-level of nNOS expression. Neuronal cell line NG108 was used as an in vitro model to check the validity of gene transfer. The cells were infected with lenti-EGFP or lenti-nNOS particles for 24h. Lenti-nNOS infection in the NG108 cells induced dose dependent increase in mRNA and protein for nNOS; with a dose of 2.5×10(4)pfu/ml, nNOS mRNA expression increased by 40-fold while protein expression was increased by 2.5-fold compared to lenti-EGFP. Moreover, lenti-nNOS infection caused a greater increase in nNOS immunoreactivity in NG108 cells compared to lenti-EGFP as shown by immonocytochemistry. nNOS expression showed time dependent increases with lenti-nNOS infection with maximum up-regulation observed after two weeks of infection. Moreover, in vivo, unilateral injection of lenti-nNOS into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of rats induced a 27-fold increase of nNOS protein level in the injected side compared to non-injected side and this escalation was sustained up to three weeks. Overall, lenti-EGFP injection in the PVN did not show any significant change in nNOS expression. Furthermore, NADPH-diaphorase staining of nNOS in the PVN infected with lenti-nNOS induced a visible increase in nNOS expression compared with contralateral non-injected side up to three weeks. These results indicate that this approach of lentiviral mediated gene transfer of nNOS may provide a new means to up-regulate the nNOS expression for longer periods of time compared to adenoviral transfection and can be used as a research tool and potentially a therapy for chronic diseases involving impaired nNOS expression. 相似文献
104.
The study explores the effect of occupational noise on oxidative stress status and prophylactic effect of Vitamin E and carbogen (5% CO 2 +95%O 2 ) breathing in alleviating the oxidative damage and conserving the hearing in human volunteers exposed to intense occupational noise. Plasma total antioxidant status, blood glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities of GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GPx), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD) in erythrocytes, nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in plasma were assessed before and after 6 days of administration of Vitamin E and Carbogen. Results of the study indicate that the exposure to noise for 6 days increased blood concentration of MDA, decreased concentrations of reduced GSH, antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and plasma total antioxidant status in control (noise) group. Vitamin E- supplemented group showed decline in oxidative stress reflected by significant decrease in blood concentration of MDA and increase in antioxidant enzyme activity of erythrocyte SOD. Results of audiometric studies revealed that breathing of carbogen prevented the development of temporary threshold shift; thereby reducing the risk of noise induced hearing loss. 相似文献
105.
Gunisha P Madhavan HN Jayanthi U Therese KL 《Indian journal of pathology & microbiology》2001,44(2):97-102
Nucleic acid amplification using IS6110 primers to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens has been extensively used as laboratory tool for the diagnosis for tuberculosis. Despite it's dramatic scientific value in practice, it is not as sensitive as expected for the detection of M. tuberculosis. The results of the study suggest that PCR using 123 bp fragment of DNA belonging to IS6110 is specific (95.6%) but only has a sensitivity of 30% to detect M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens. 相似文献
106.
Shicheng Jin Sze Wah Samuel Chan Neeru Gupta 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2019,54(4):451-457
ObjectiveTo assess recent cataract service delivery across communities of all sizes in Ontario.DesignRetrospective analysis of health records.ParticipantsAll Ontario Health Insurance Plan users.MethodsRaw physician Ontario Health Insurance Plan claims data for cataract surgery (E140A, E214A) from April 1, 2009, to March 31, 2014, were extracted from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC) IntelliHealth database. Cataract surgery claims data were sorted by sex, by age, and by Ontario's 444 municipalities based on patient residence. Cataract surgery distribution was examined by population centre: Large Urban (≥100 000 persons), Medium (30 000–99 999 persons), Small (1000–29 999 persons), and Rural (<1000 persons) as defined by Statistics Canada. Wait times were extracted from the MOHLTC wait times database. Cataract surgery rate (CSR), defined as the number of cataract surgeries performed per million, was calculated.ResultsCataract surgery volumes remained unchanged from 2010 to 2014. Mean patient age was 71.6 ± 10 years. Patients lived in large urban (63%), medium (15%), small (21%), and rural (0.6%) communities. Mean wait times increased by 28% to 68.5 days, and 90th percentile wait times increased by 44% to 154.3 days. A reduction in CSR was observed among seniors aged 65–74 years (?10%) and 75+ years (?16%). Rural communities showed the largest decline (?19%). Among seniors aged ≥75 years, CSR declined the most for those living in rural communities (?25%).ConclusionsAdjusting the current government policy of zero-growth in cataract surgery volumes will support growing demands for cataract care in our aging population. 相似文献
107.
108.
Joseph Hanna Yeni H. Yücel Xun Zhou Emily Mathieu Luz A. Paczka-Giorgi Neeru Gupta 《Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie》2018,53(4):391-401
Objective
To assess retinal blood vessels in a live retinitis pigmentosa (RP) model with rd1 mutation and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in vascular endothelium.Methods
Homozygous (hm) Tie2-GFP mice with rd1 mutation and known retinal degeneration were crossed with wild-type CD1 mice to generate control heterozygous (ht) Tie2-GFP mice. The retinas of 16 live hm mice were evaluated at 2 weeks and 3, 5, and 8 months of age, and compared with age-matched control ht and CD1 mice by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). Fluorescence intensity was measured and compared between strains at 3, 5, and 8 months. In vivo findings were validated by immunostaining with collagen IV and isolectin histopathology.Results
All hm Tie2-GFP mice showed progressive outer retinal degeneration by OCT. Loss of small branches of blood vessels and then larger main vessels was seen by cSLO. Retinal tissue and vessels were preserved in control ht mice. At all ages, measurements of fluorescence intensity were reduced in hm compared with ht mice (p < 0.001). In all strains, intensity at 8 months was reduced compared with 3 months (p < 0.001) and 5 months (p = 0.021). Histopathological studies confirmed in vivo findings and revealed a pattern of blood vessel regression in the deep plexus, followed by intermediate and superficial retinal plexuses.Conclusions
This is the first evidence of progressive loss of retinal blood vessels in a live mouse model of RP. These findings may be highly relevant to understanding retinal degeneration in RP to prevent blindness. 相似文献109.
McCoy MT Jayanthi S Wulu JA Beauvais G Ladenheim B Martin TA Krasnova IN Hodges AB Cadet JL 《Psychopharmacology》2011,215(2):353-365
Rationale
Repeated injections of cocaine cause blunted responses to acute cocaine challenge-induced increases in the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs). 相似文献110.
Obstructive jaundice produces a number of biochemical and physiologic alterations in the biliary tract. Acute cholangitis occurs in an infected, usually obstructed biliary system, at the level of the common bile duct. The most common cause of obstruction is stones. Bacterial reflux from the biliary tract to the systemic circulation is considered to be the primary etiologic factor in bacteremia and the development of sepsis in cholangitis. The main factors in the pathogenesis of acute cholangitis are biliary tract obstruction, elevated intraluminal pressure, and infection of bile. The bile is normally sterile. The route of infection may be ascending, hematogenous or by lymphatics. Bactibilia (presence of bacteria in the biliary tract) increases in the presence of biliary obstruction, particularly partial and in the presence of foreign bodies like stones. Obstruction produces local changes in the host defenses, both in chemotaxis and phagocytosis along with systemic changes. The absence of bile and secretary IgA from the gastrointestinal tract because of biliary obstruction produces changes in the bacterial flora, loss of mucosal integrity, decreased endotoxin inactivation and promotes bacterial overgrowth, portal bacteremia, endotoxemia and increased translocation of endotoxin (LPS) to the liver, resulting in sepsis and also serving to inhibit hepatic macrophage (Kupffer cell) function in these patients. Early intervention in relieving biliary decompression is imperative in restoring normal function of the Kupffer cells in the liver and to prevent functional alterations in the liver because of chronic obstruction and cholestasis and to decrease the postoperative morbidity and mortality. 相似文献