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Objectives

The aims of the present study were: 1) to investigate the contribution of the extent of luminal stenosis and other lesion composition-related factors in predicting invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR); and 2) to explore the distribution of various combinations of morphological characteristics and the severity of stenosis among lesions demonstrating normal and abnormal FFR.

Background

In patients with stable ischemic heart disease, FFR-guided revascularization, as compared with medical therapy alone, is reported to improve outcomes. Because morphological characteristics are the basis of plaque rupture and acute coronary events, a relationship between FFR and lesion characteristics may exist.

Methods

This is a subanalysis of NXT (HeartFlowNXT: HeartFlow Analysis of Coronary Blood Flow Using Coronary CT Angiography), a prospective, multicenter study of 254 patients (age 64 ± 10 years, 64% male) with suspected stable ischemic heart disease; coronary computed tomography angiography including plaque morphology assessment, invasive angiography, and FFR were obtained for 383 lesions. Ischemia was defined by invasive FFR ≤0.80. Computed tomography angiography–defined morphological characteristics of plaques and their vascular location were used in univariate and multivariate analyses to examine their predictive value for invasive FFR. The distribution of various combinations of plaque morphological characteristics and the severity of stenosis among lesions demonstrating normal and abnormal FFR were examined.

Results

The percentage of luminal stenosis, low-attenuation plaque (LAP) or necrotic core volume, left anterior descending coronary artery territory, and the presence of multiple lesions per vessel were the predictors of FFR. When grouped on the basis of degree of luminal stenosis, FFR-negative lesions had consistently smaller LAP volumes compared with FFR-positive lesions. The distribution of plaque characteristics in lesions with normal and abnormal FFR demonstrated that whereas FFR-negative lesions excluded likelihood of stenotic plaques with moderate to high LAP volumes, only one-third of FFR-positive lesions demonstrated obstructive plaques with moderate to high LAP volumes.

Conclusions

In addition to the severity of luminal stenosis, necrotic core volume is an independent predictor of FFR. The distribution of plaque characteristics among lesions with varying luminal stenosis and normal and abnormal FFR may explain the outcomes associated with FFR-guided therapy.  相似文献   
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Background

Atherosclerotic plaque characteristics may affect downstream myocardial perfusion, as well as coronary lesion severity.

Objectives

This study sought to evaluate the association between quantitative plaque burden and plaque morphology obtained using coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and quantitative myocardial perfusion obtained using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET), as well as fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived invasively.

Methods

Two hundred eight patients (63% men; age 58 ± 8.7 years) with suspected coronary artery disease were prospectively included. All patients underwent 256-slice coronary CTA, [15O]H2O PET, and invasive FFR measurements. Coronary CTA-derived plaque burden and morphology were assessed using commercially available software and compared with PET perfusion and FFR.

Results

Atherosclerotic plaques were present in 179 patients (86%) and 415 of 610 (68%) evaluable coronary arteries. On a per-vessel basis, traditional coronary plaque burden indexes, such as plaque length and volume, minimal lumen area, and stenosis percentage, were significantly associated with impaired hyperemic myocardial blood flow (MBF) and FFR. In addition, morphological features, such as partially calcified plaques, positive remodeling (PR), and low attenuation plaque, displayed a negative impact on hyperemic MBF and FFR. Multivariable analysis revealed that the morphological feature of PR was independently related to impaired hyperemic MBF as well as an unfavorable FFR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively), next to stenosis percentage (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and noncalcified plaque volume (p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively).

Conclusions

PR and noncalcified plaque volume are associated with detrimental downstream hyperemic myocardial perfusion and FFR, independent of lesion severity.  相似文献   
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Background

Myocardial relaxation is impaired in almost all cases with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Objectives

This study investigated the feasibility of signal-processed surface electrocardiography (spECG) as a diagnostic tool for predicting the presence of abnormal cardiac muscle relaxation.

Methods

A total of 188 outpatients referred for coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography underwent an echocardiogram for assessment of LVDD. The use of 12-lead spECG for predicting myocardial relaxation abnormalities as identified using tissue Doppler echocardiography was validated with machine-learning approaches.

Results

A total of 188 subjects underwent diagnostic testing, with 133 (70%) showing abnormal myocardial relaxation on tissue Doppler imaging. A 12-lead spECG showed an area under the curve of 91% (95% confidence interval: 86% to 95%) for prediction of abnormal myocardial mechanical relaxation with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 84%, respectively. The spECG demonstrated more accurate diagnostic performance in individuals age ≥60 years as well as those with obesity or hypertension, compared with their respective counterparts. Prediction of low early diastolic relaxation velocity (e′) also correctly identified concomitant significant underlying coronary artery disease in 23 of 28 cases (82%). Furthermore, a superior integrated discrimination and net reclassification improvement was observed for spECG over clinical features and traditional ECG.

Conclusions

The spECG provides a robust prediction of abnormal myocardial relaxation. These data suggest a potential role for spECG as a novel screening strategy for identifying patients at risk for LVDD who would benefit undergoing echocardiographic evaluations.  相似文献   
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