大鼠海马与前皮质N4 mRNA神经元的发育--原位杂交与RT-PCR研究

目的 研究大鼠N4 mRNA神经元在前皮质与海马的时空表达模式。方法 地高辛标记的cRNA探针原位杂交组织化学和逆转录PCR技术。结果 E13-E16：原位杂交方法最早检测到N4 mRNA神经元，在海马与前皮质呈强阳性信号。P0～P2：N4 mRNA阳性信号在海马开始减弱，在前皮质仍维持较高的水平。P7：N4 mRNA阳性信号在海马明显减弱，仅在海马的齿状回见部分阳性神经元，在前皮质的水平轻度减低。P14：N4 mRNA神经元数目增多，主要位于海马齿状回的颗粒细胞层；P21-P28：N4 mRNA在海马的齿回呈强阳性信号，在CA3区呈中等程度的阳性信号，CA1区、CA2区及下托可见部分阳性神经元，前皮质可见Ⅱ／Ⅲ层的锥体细胞层呈强阳性信号。P90～P150：在海马的齿状回、CA3区，CA1区、CA2区及下托见中等强度的N4 mRNA阳性信号。P300：N4 mRNA神经元在海马与皮层的表达明显减少，仅见部分散在的阳性神经元。逆转录PCR检测结果与原位杂交所得结果基本相符，在胚胎期N4 mRNA表达最强，生后减弱，P7降至最低，P21～P28为生后的表达高峰，随之下降，P300表达弱。N4基因在不同发育时期皮层的表达，在胚胎期信号最强，生后略微减弱，组间差异不明显。结论 N4基因特异的表达于海马，并在海马的形成期表达最高，可能对海马的传入通路的发育有重要作用。     

一种基于FUZZYSET的尘肺治疗效果综合评价方法

本文提出的模型与方法，是基于ＦＵＺＺＹＳＥＴ构造一个多元函数，以此函数来判定、评价疗效。实践证明，该法对尘肺病疗效，有十分好的评价效果。该模型与方法可推广到其它医学领域的判定、评价中。     

Therapeutic effect of carbonate buffer mixture on gastrointestinal atony in cattle

AIM To substantiate the therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture on naturally occurringgastrointestinal atony in cattle.METHODS Therapeutic effects of carbonate buffer mixture (Na2CO350 g, NaHCO3420 g, KCI 20 g, NaC1100 g, water 10 L) were observed in 120 cases of gastrointestinal atony including forestomach atony, rumenimpaction, rumen acidosis, omasum impaction and intestinal constipation. Judgement of curative effects ascure: after treated, the cases become clinically normal in general conditions, appetite, rumination, ruminalperistalsis and defecation; uncure: after giving two doses, the gasto-intestinal atony has not been eliminated.RESULTS Average cure rate of carbonate buffer mixture on above-mentioned diseases were 95%, andaverage dose was 1.4±0.5.CONCLUSION Being a new approach for treatment of gastrointestinal atony in ruminants, the carbonatebuffer mixture can eliminate the gastrointestinal atony originated from the over acidity in gastrointestinalcanal.     

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英染毒或联合高脂饮食致小鼠糖脂代谢紊乱的实验研究

目的:探讨持久性有机污染物2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁英(TCDD)染毒或联合高脂饮食对小鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其作用机制。方法:60只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组,即对照组、高脂饮食组、TCDD染毒组、高脂饮食和TCDD染毒联合作用组,每组6只。高脂饮食采用脂肪热量为45%的高脂饲料,TCDD染毒按1 mg/(kg·d)采用饮水摄入方式。3周后测定小鼠体质量、脂肪质量、血糖、糖耐量、胰岛素耐量等指标评价糖脂代谢功能;特异性染色法测定线粒体膜电位和ROS水平,实时荧光定量PCR测定脂肪组织中抗氧化转录因子Nrf2、抗氧化酶(GCLc、GPx1和SOD2)和炎症因子(IL-1α、IL-6和MCP-1)的mRNA表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,TCDD染毒或高脂饮食均可诱导小鼠发生明显的糖脂代谢紊乱,主要表现为脂肪组织含量增加、血糖水平的升高和糖耐量、胰岛素耐量受损(P均<0.05)。TCDD可以加重高脂饮食对糖脂代谢的影响。在肝组织和脂肪组织,TCDD染毒或与高脂饮食联合均诱导线粒体超极化和ROS水平增加(P均<0.05),且TCDD可以加重高脂饮食对线粒体和ROS的影响(P均<0.05)。TCDD可降低Nrf2、GCLc和SOD2的表达,TCDD和高脂饮食联合作用,降低Nrf2及关键抗氧化酶的作用更为显著。TCDD使脂肪组织IL-1α、IL-6和MCP-1的表达显著升高,并加重高脂饮食对IL-1α、IL-6和MCP-1表达的影响(P均<0.05)。结论:TCDD染毒和高脂饮食对小鼠糖脂代谢指标、氧化应激指标、炎症因子表达的影响具有协同作用;TCDD和高脂饮食联合作用导致小鼠糖脂代谢功能紊乱的机制,可能为下调Nrf2及其调控的抗氧化酶并促进炎症因子表达。     

Genetic effect of MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the structural covariance network and white‐matter integrity in Alzheimer's disease

The 677 C to T transition in the MTHFR gene is a genetic determinant for hyperhomocysteinemia. We investigated whether this polymorphism modulates gray matter (GM) structural covariance networks independently of white‐matter integrity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). GM structural covariance networks were constructed by 3D T1‐magnetic resonance imaging and seed‐based analysis. The patients were divided into two genotype groups: C homozygotes (n = 73) and T carriers (n = 62). Using diffusion tensor imaging and white‐matter parcellation, 11 fiber bundle integrities were compared between the two genotype groups. Cognitive test scores were the major outcome factors. The T carriers had higher homocysteine levels, lower posterior cingulate cortex GM volume, and more clusters in the dorsal medial lobe subsystem showing stronger covariance strength. Both posterior cingulate cortex seed and interconnected peak cluster volumes predicted cognitive test scores, especially in the T carriers. There were no between‐group differences in fiber tract diffusion parameters. The MTHFR 677T polymorphism modulates posterior cingulate cortex‐anchored structural covariance strength independently of white matter integrities. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3039–3051, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published Wiley by Periodicals, Inc.